Detection of mephedrone and its metabolites in fingerprints from a controlled human administration study by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and paper spray-mass spectrometry

Czerwinska, Joanna; Jang, Min; Costa, Catia; Parkin, Mark C.; George, Claire; Kicman, Andrew T.; Bailey, Melanie J.; Dargan, Paul I.; Abbate, Vincenzo

doi:10.1039/c9an02477h

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recently, Czerwinska et al 47 published a first method for the detection of mephedrone and its metabolites in fingerprints by LC–MS/MS and paper spray–mass spectrometry (MS). The stability of mephedrone and dihydro‐mephedrone was carried out as a part of method validation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of synthetic cathinones in clinical and forensic toxicological analysis—Where are we now?

Aldubayyan

Castrignanò

Elliott

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Understanding the stability of analyzed drugs in biological samples is a crucial part for an appropriate interpretation of the analytical findings. Synthetic cathinones, as psychoactive stimulants, belong to a major class of new psychoactive substances. As they are subject to several degradation pathways, they are known to clinical and forensic toxicologists as unstable analytes in biological samples. When interpreting analytical data of synthetic cathinones in biological samples, analysts must be aware that the concentration of analytes may not accurately reflect the levels at the time they were acquired owing to many factors. This review provides (i) an overview of the current scientific knowledge on the stability of synthetic cathinones and/or metabolites in various human biological samples with a focus on factors that may deteriorate their stability-such as storage temperature, length of storage, matrix, pH, type of preservatives, concentration of analytes, and the chemistry of the analytesand (ii) possible solutions on how to avoid such degradation. The PubMed database as well as Google Scholar was thoroughly searched to find published studies on the stability of synthetic cathinones since 2007 by searching specific keywords. A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Synthetic cathinones that carry methylenedioxy or N-pyrrolidine ring showed higher degradation resistance over other substituted groups. Acidification of samples pH plays a crucial role at increasing the stability of cathinones even with analytes that were frequently considered as poorly stable. This review also provides several recommendations for best practice in planning the experimental design, preservation, and storage conditions in order to minimize synthetic cathinones' degradation in human biological samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of synthetic cathinones in clinical and forensic toxicological analysis—Where are we now?

Aldubayyan

Castrignanò

Elliott

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

Self Cite

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“…The study was conducted by King's College London; details are given elsewhere [60]. Mephedrone powder self-administration (100 mg, corresponding to 1.4 ± 0.2 mg/kg body weight; ingested at 9 a.m.) was carried out via nasal insufflation using a straw under medical supervision.…”

Section: Mephedrone Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Psychostimulants 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine (MDMA), Amphetamine, and the Novel Psychoactive Substance Mephedrone after Controlled Drug Administration to Humans

et al. 2020

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Psychoactive stimulants are a popular drug class which are used recreationally. Over the last decade, large numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the drug market and these pose a worldwide problem to human health. Metabolomics approaches are useful tools for simultaneous detection of endogenous metabolites affected by drug use. They allow identification of pathways or characteristic metabolites, which might support the understanding of pharmacological actions or act as indirect biomarkers of consumption behavior or analytical detectability. Herein, we performed a comparative metabolic profiling of three psychoactive stimulant drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine and the NPS mephedrone by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in order to identify common pathways or compounds. Plasma samples were obtained from controlled administration studies to humans. Various metabolites were identified as increased or decreased based on drug intake, mainly belonging to energy metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and amino acids. Linoleic acid and pregnenolone-sulfate changed similarly in response to intake of all drugs. Overall, mephedrone produced a profile more similar to that of amphetamine than MDMA in terms of affected energy metabolism. These data can provide the basis for further in-depth targeted metabolome studies on pharmacological actions and search for biomarkers of drug use.

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“…In order to test the performance of different normalization models we generated 100 synthetic data sets with three different methods (simulations v1, v2, v3) and five different n metabolites (4,10,20,40,60) each, where the underlying C, V sweat , and ϵ values were known. Simulations v1, v2, and v3 differ in the way how C was generated (kinetic, random, sampled from real data set, respectively).…”

Section: Synthetic Data Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic quotient’s work & pharmacokinetics’ contribution: countering size effect in metabolic time series measurements

Gotsmy

Brunmair

Bueschl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Metabolomic time course analyses of biofluids are highly relevant for clinical diagnostics. However, some sampling methods suffer from unknown sample sizes commonly known as size effects, which prevents absolute quantification of biomarkers. Recently, studies have developed mathematical post acquisition normalization methods to overcome these problems either by exploiting already known pharmacokinetic information or with statistics. Here we present an improved normalization method, MIX, that unifies the advantages of both approaches. It combines two normalization terms, one representing pharmacokinetic normalization (PKM) and one representing a popular statistical approach (PQN). To test the performance of MIX, we generated synthetic data closely resembling real finger sweat metabolome measurements. MIX was subsequently used for normalization of the synthetic data and we were able to show that it overcomes weaknesses of the two normalization strategies applied separately. Moreover, we validate our results by using real finger sweat metabolome data from literature. There, we were able to demonstrate that MIX is more robust than the normalization strategy originally used for the data set. In conclusion, the MIX method improves the reliability and robustness of biomarker measurements in finger sweat and other biofluids. Moreover, it has potential to pave the way for quantitative biomarker discovery and hypothesis generation from metabolic time course data.

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Detection of mephedrone and its metabolites in fingerprints from a controlled human administration study by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and paper spray-mass spectrometry

Abstract: Mephedrone and one of its metabolites have been detected for the first-time in fingerprints collected from a controlled human mephedrone administration study.

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Stability of synthetic cathinones in clinical and forensic toxicological analysis—Where are we now?

Stability of synthetic cathinones in clinical and forensic toxicological analysis—Where are we now?

Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Psychostimulants 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine (MDMA), Amphetamine, and the Novel Psychoactive Substance Mephedrone after Controlled Drug Administration to Humans

Probabilistic quotient’s work & pharmacokinetics’ contribution: countering size effect in metabolic time series measurements

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