Detection of malarial parasite in urine of malaria patients: a future diagnostic approach

Anchinmane, Vyankatesh T.; Shedge, Rakesh

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20161253

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Overall, the two RDT kits used in this study to diagnose malaria in urine had a high specificity of 96%, conforming to WHO specifications, although with a sensitivity of 71%. Nevertheless, these results are comparable with a similar study that tested for PfHRP-2 in urine using RDT apparatus [17,19,21]. The Global Devices Malaria kits had a higher specificity and equal sensitivity to the Urine Malaria Test™ (UMT) dipstick, which detected PfHRP-2 in a study in the same endemic area [17] with sensitivity and specificity of 83.75% and 83.48%, respectively.…”

Section: J Microbiolsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…A similar study that detected PfHRP-2 in urine using CareStart TM Malaria PfHRP-2 reported a lower specificity (64.6%) but higher sensitivity of 96.6% [21] compared to the results obtained in the present study. Furthermore, Anchinmane and Shedge reported a sensitivity and specificity of 17.3% and 100%, respectively, for detecting PfHRP-2 in urine using the PfHRP-2 and Lactate dehydrogenase-based QDx® Rapid Malaria Test kit [19]. This current finding suggests that the use of urine-based RDTs should be limited to screening out true malarianegative individuals, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, especially at points of entry such as airports (for medical check-ups of foreign workers/ tourists from malaria-endemic countries) and not a replacement for current routine malaria diagnostics due to its low sensitivity.…”

Section: J Microbiolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have described the detection of parasite biomarkers, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II, and Plasmodium Lactate dehydrogenase in patients' saliva with varying degrees of sensitivity using enzyme immunoassays, rapid diagnostic test kits, or molecular tools [12,15,16]. In addition, the possibility of excretion of malarial antigens and antibodies into the urine during malaria infection has been described [9], and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II has been confirmed in urine samples of patients with acute uncomplicated malaria using Urine Malaria Test™ [17,18] and QDx™ rapid malaria test [19]. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of detection of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein II in urine with different optimization strategies was low in the reported studies [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the possibility of excretion of malarial antigens and antibodies into the urine during malaria infection has been described [9], and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II has been confirmed in urine samples of patients with acute uncomplicated malaria using Urine Malaria Test™ [17,18] and QDx™ rapid malaria test [19]. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of detection of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein II in urine with different optimization strategies was low in the reported studies [17][18][19]. More studies are still required to provide high-quality surveillance data for decision-making on the eligibility of urine as a non-invasive malaria diagnostic technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Malaria Parasite Protein in Urine of Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Malaria Using Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits

ABİODUN

Olugbenga

Akano

et al. 2022

J Microbil Infect Dis

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Objectives: The invasive nature of the current malaria diagnostic techniques impairs compliance to diagnosis, especially for on-field detection. Adapting non-invasive methods of biological sample collection for rapid diagnosis of malaria infections may provide a more efficient approach to case management and epidemiological studies of malaria. This study was designed to evaluate the detection of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-rich Protein II (PfHRP-2) in urine samples and optimization as diagnostic markers for P. falciparum infection.Methods: One hundred (100) microscopically confirmed patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection and 25 P. falciparum negative controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples of all participants were tested for the presence of PfHRP-2 using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. In addition, urine samples of the confirmed malaria-infected patients were analyzed for PfHRP-2 using the CareStart TM and Global Devices (USA) Malaria kits. The diagnostic performances of the RDT kits were evaluated.Results: Overall, the two brands of malaria rapid diagnostics demonstrated 71% sensitivity (95%CI=62.1-79.9%) and 96% specificity (95%CI=88.3-103.7%) for PfHRP-2 detection in urine.The sensitivities of the tests in urine at asexual parasitemia ≤ 2000 μL -1 and asexual parasitemia > 2000 μL -1 were 69.6% (95%CI=56.3-82.9%) and 72.2% (95%CI=60.3-84.2%) respectively. Global Devices and CareStart TM kits had individual sensitivities of 80% (95%CI= 65.7-94.3%) and 67.1% (95%CI= 56.1-78.1%) respectively for PfHRP-2 detection in urine (P= 0.072). Conclusion:Findings revealed that urine-based RDTs have limited capacities for malaria diagnosis due to their low sensitivity and require more optimizations to meet required diagnostic standards.

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Section: J Microbiolsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: J Microbiolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Detection of Malaria Parasite Protein in Urine of Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Malaria Using Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits

ABİODUN

Olugbenga

Akano

et al. 2022

J Microbil Infect Dis

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“…Previous studies attempted to evaluate the use of non-blood samples to detect malaria antigens. In India, the sensitivities of urine in two different studies were found to be 38% [ 21 ] and 86.67% [ 22 ]. Like this study, rapid diagnostic test kits intended to be used for detecting malaria antigens in blood were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the potential of using urine and saliva specimens for malaria diagnosis in suspected patients in Ghana

Aninagyei

Abraham

Atiiga

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background This study aimed at detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH malaria antigens in urine and salivary specimens of suspected malaria patients using RDT kits, and identifying factors influencing the detection of these antigens. Methods Malaria rapid test kit (SD Bioline RDT kit) was used to detect malaria antigens, PfHRP2 and pLDH, in blood, urine and saliva samples received from patients suspected of malaria. Subsequently, malaria parasitaemia was determined. From the same patients, body temperature readings and haemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Also, micro-haematuria and saliva occult blood were determined. Relative to blood, the sensitivities and the performance of urine and saliva as alternative samples were evaluated. Results A total of 706 suspected malaria patients provided all three specimens. Prevalence of malaria by microscopy and RDT was 44.2% and 53.9%, respectively. Compared to blood, the sensitivities of urine and saliva were 35.2% and 57.0% respectively. Haemoglobin concentration < 9.9 g/dL, body temperature > 38.7 °C and occult blood influenced the detection of malaria antigens in both urine and saliva. Furthermore, the antigens were not detected in urine and saliva when parasitaemia was < 60,000 parasites/µL and < 40,000 parasites/µL, respectively. Conclusion Saliva, with or without blood contamination, was found to be more efficient that urine samples. Therefore these non-blood specimens have the potential to be used as non-invasive samples for malaria diagnosis. However, this approach is useful in severe to moderate anaemia, hyperthermia, parasitaemia > 60,000 parasites/µL and samples contaminated with blood.

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Study of Diagnostic Role of Urine Malaria Test in Patients with Falciparum Malaria Admitted in Abbassia Fever Hospital

Mohamed

Moharam

El-Gazzarah

et al. 2018

Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases

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Background and study aim: Malaria morbidity and mortality can be prevented or minimized by rapid diagnosis and treatment. Blood based rapid diagnostic tests (bRDT) for malaria are currently in use but other body fluids specific diagnostic test kits are being developed. One of these tests is Urine Malaria Test (UMT) dipstick, it is a one-step test used to detect Histidine Rich Protein 2 (HRP2), a polyhistidine antigen of plasmodium falciparum (Pf) in urine of affected patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of UMT in diagnosis of Pf malaria and its ability to detect the limits of Pf parasitemia in febrile patients admitted to Abbasia Fever Hospital, Egypt. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 52 Pf malarial patients who were admitted to Abbassia Fever Hospital. Patients were subjected to meticulous history taking, clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasound, blood film microscopy for malaria, rapid blood test (RBT) and UMT. Confirmed Pf malaria in the studied patients was based on the presence of positive parasite-based tests (+ve blood film microscopy with/without RBT for Pf malaria). Results: The UMT was positive in 50% of cases with 50% false negative results in parasitologically confirmed Pf malarial patients. Sixteen patients presented with parasitemia ≤0.5% (ranged between 0.1% to ≤0.5%) in thick blood film and there was non-significant difference between positive and negative UMT in these patients [43.75% of cases were +ve versus 56.25%-ve test (p=0.280) with sensitivity (55.56%), specificity (71.43%) and accuracy (62.5%)]. The +ve UMT results were significantly related to higher parasitemia, lower Glasgow coma scale, lower platelet count and severe disease. Conclusion: The UMT is simple, easy, self-performed and promising test in diagnosis of Pf malaria, however the sensitivity and specificity were apparently low.

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Detection of malarial parasite in urine of malaria patients: a future diagnostic approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Detection of Malaria Parasite Protein in Urine of Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Malaria Using Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits

Detection of Malaria Parasite Protein in Urine of Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Malaria Using Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits

Evaluating the potential of using urine and saliva specimens for malaria diagnosis in suspected patients in Ghana

Study of Diagnostic Role of Urine Malaria Test in Patients with Falciparum Malaria Admitted in Abbassia Fever Hospital

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