Detection of magnetized quark-nuggets, a candidate for dark matter

VanDevender, J. Pace; VanDevender, Aaron P.; Sloan, T.; Swaim, Criss; Wilson, Peter; Schmitt, Robert G.; Zakirov, Rinat; Blum, Josh; Cross, James L.; McGinley, Niall

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09087-3

Cited by 17 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…In this respect we emphasize that, in addition to radio observations at 21 cm to map the HI component of the gas (integrated also by other techniques to study small-scale cold structures as done, e.g., through interstellar scintillations by Habibi et al 2011) and to the X-ray band diffuse emission to infer the amount and distribution of the hot gas component, investigation of the warm gas component with the methodology employed, e.g., in Nicastro et al (2016) is extremely important. Given the serious quantitative disagreement between the microwave temperature asymmetry amplitude revealed for M81 and several other nearby galaxies and the rkSZ contributions there, the latter's alternative may be more exotic halo models (see, e.g., Lovell et al 2016;Okumura et al 2017;Piras et al 2017;Pace VanDevender et al 2017;Gurzadyan and Kocharyan 2009), a dilemma to be solved by future studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Messier 81’s Planck view versus its halo mapping

Gurzadyan

Paolis

Nucita

et al. 2018

A&A

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This paper is a follow-up of a previous paper about the M82 galaxy and its halo based on Planck observations. As in the case of M82, so also for the M81 galaxy a substantial North-South and East-West temperature asymmetry is found, extending up to galactocentric distances of about 1.5 0 . The temperature asymmetry is almost frequency independent and can be interpreted as a Doppler-induced effect related to the M81 halo rotation and/or triggered by the gravitational interaction of the galaxies within the M81 Group. Along with the analogous study of several nearby edge-on spiral galaxies, the CMB temperature asymmetry method thus is shown to act as a direct tool to map the galactic haloes and/or the intergalactic bridges, invisible in other bands or by other methods.

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confidence: 99%

Messier 81’s Planck view versus its halo mapping

Gurzadyan

Paolis

Nucita

et al. 2018

A&A

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“…In contrast, conducting plasma shorts out the electric field and prevents particle penetration. A MQN moving through a plasma experiences a greatly-enhanced slowing down force 16 through its magnetopause, which is the magnetic structure formed by particle pressure from a plasma stream balancing magnetic field pressure around a magnetic dipole. For example, the solar wind forms a magnetopause with Earth's magnetic field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. self-magnetic field aggregates MQNs with baryon number A = 1 into MQNs with a broad mass distribution 4 that is characterized by the value of B o and typically has A between ~ 10 3 and 10 37 , 2. aggregation dominates decay by weak interaction so massive MQNs can form and remain magnetically stabilized in the early universe even though they have not been observed in particle accelerators 4 , 3. the self-magnetic field forms a magnetopause that strongly enhances the interaction cross section of a MQN with a surrounding plasma 16 that is primarily sustained by radiation and electron impact ionization in the high temperature plasma formed by normal matter stagnating against the magnetopause, 4. B o > 3 × 10 12 T is excluded 4 by the lack of observed deeply penetrating impacts that deposit > Megaton-TNT equivalent energy per km, so Tatsumi's range of B S is reduced to 1 × 10 11 T ≤ B o ≤ 3 × 10 12 T, 5.…”

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confidence: 99%

Radio frequency emissions from dark-matter-candidate magnetized quark nuggets interacting with matter

VanDevender

Buchenauer

Cai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Quark nuggets are theoretical objects composed of approximately equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. they are also called strangelets, nuclearites, AQns, slets, Macros, and MQns. Quark nuggets are a candidate for dark matter, which has been a mystery for decades despite constituting ~ 85% of the universe's mass. Most previous models of quark nuggets have assumed no intrinsic magnetic field; however, Tatsumi found that quark nuggets may exist in magnetars as a ferromagnetic liquid with a magnetic field B S = 10 12±1 t. We apply that result to quark nuggets, a dark-matter candidate consistent with the Standard Model, and report results of analytic calculations and simulations that show they spin up and emit electromagnetic radiation at ~ 10 4 to ~ 10 9 Hz after passage through planetary environments. the results depend strongly on the value of B o , which is a parameter to guide and interpret observations. A proposed sensor system with three satellites at 51,000 km altitude illustrates the feasibility of using radio-frequency emissions to detect 0.003 to 1,600 MQNs, depending on B o, during a 5 year mission. About 85% 1 of the universe's mass does not interact strongly with light; it is called dark matter, is distributed in a halo throughout a galaxy 2. Identifying the nature of dark matter is currently one of the biggest challenges in science. As reviewed most recently by Salucci 3 , extensive searches for a subatomic particle that would be consistent with dark matter have yet to detect anything above background signals. Most models assume dark matter interacts with normal matter only through gravity and the weak interaction. However, detailed analysis of the accumulating data on galaxies of different types suggest dark matter and normal luminous matter interact somewhat more strongly, on the time scale of the age of the Universe 3. Magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) 4 are an emerging candidate for dark matter that quantitatively meets the traditional interaction requirements for dark matter and still interacts with normal matter on the time scale of the age of the Universe through the magnetic force. In this paper we investigate a new method for detecting MQNs and measuring their properties. Quarks are the basic building blocks of protons, neutrons, and many other particles in the Standard Model of Particle Physics 5. Macroscopic quark nuggets 6 , which are also called strangelets 7 , nuclearites 8 , AQNs 9 , slets 10 , and Macros 11 are theoretically predicted objects composed of up, down, and strange quarks in essentially equal numbers. A brief summary of quark-nugget research 6-35 on charge-to-mass ratio, formation, stability, and detection has been updated from Ref. 16 and is provided for convenience as Supplementary Note: Quark-nugget research summary. Most previous models of quark nuggets have assumed negligible self-magnetic field. However, Tatsumi 15 explored the internal state of quark-nugget cores in magnetars and found that quark nuggets may exist as a ferromagnetic liquid with a surface magneti...

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“…Various experiments have tried to produce or search for SQM in various environments, on the ground, on balloons and in satellites, both of active and passive nature. A review on strangelet search and models can be found in [26,27]. SQM should be neutral (uncharged), if an exactly equal number of u, d, and s quarks is dynamically favoured, however the neutrality condition may be approximate, allowing strangelets to have a small residual electrical charge.…”

Section: Strange Quark Matter and Strangeletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating strangelets via Penrose process in non-BPS fuzz-balls

2020

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Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays may include strangelets, a form of Strange Quark Matter, among their components. We briefly review their properties and discuss how they can be accelerated via Penrose process taking place in singular rotating Kerr black holes or in their smooth, horizonless counterparts in string theory, according to the fuzzball proposal. We focus on non-BPS solutions of the JMaRT kind and compute the efficiency of Penrose process that turns out not to be bounded unlike for Kerr BHs. Introduction and motivationsCosmic rays (CR) and in particular Ultra High Energy CR (UHECR) tend to play an important role in any progress of high-energy physics, from the identification of new elementary particles in the past to the recent confirmation of rare phenomena such as neutrino oscillations. Although the flux is tremendously suppressed at very high energies [1,2,3] and practically ends at the ZeV scale set by the GZK cutoff [4,5], the question remains as for how UHECR can be accelerated up to such high energies.Among the components of UHECR one can include the so-called "strangelets", a form of Strange Quark Matter (SQM) [22,28,30] that can be present in the dense core of a Neutron Star (NS) or in Quark Stars (QS) [23], where the temperature and density may be significantly higher than on the crust. When the mass of a NS exceeds the Chandrasekhar-Oppenheimer-Volkoff bound (around a few solar masses), it becomes unstable wrt gravitational collapse and produces a Black Hole (BH). In turn, BHs may provide both tidal tearing of captured astrophysical objects, including NS and QS, and a powerful acceleration mechanism of UHECR, including strangelets, aka Penrose process [6]. This can take place in rotating (Kerr) BHs surrounded by an 'ergo-region' where a time-like Killing vector becomes space-like. Thanks to Penrose mechanism Kerr/rotating BHs can be used as cosmic slings to accelerate UHECR and reach the GZK cutoff scale. BHs are the epitome of quantum gravity (QG), which is still poorly understood with quantum fieldtheory means. Luckily there is a leading contender: string theory. Based on the idea that point-like particles be replaced by one-dimensional objects, string theory can accommodate gravity (mediated by closed strings) together with gauge interactions (mediated by open strings) in an entirely consistent framework. General Relativity or higher dimensional extensions thereof, coupled to gauge fields and fermions, governs the dynamics at very low energies, compared to the string mass scale. The realization that string theory in addition to fundamental strings admits stable, extended solitons with p spatial dimensions, called p-branes, allows to represent BHs as bound states of strings and branes and to quantitatively address and partly solve some long-standing issues in the physics of BHs [7], including BH production in high-energy collisions [8]. In particular there are classes of charged BPS 1 BHs for which one can precisely count the micro-states responsible for the macroscopic entropy, which accordin...

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Detection of magnetized quark-nuggets, a candidate for dark matter

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Messier 81’s Planck view versus its halo mapping

Messier 81’s Planck view versus its halo mapping

Radio frequency emissions from dark-matter-candidate magnetized quark nuggets interacting with matter

Accelerating strangelets via Penrose process in non-BPS fuzz-balls

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