Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA by real-time PCR in canine oral and conjunctival swabs and comparison with other diagnostic techniques

Lombardo, Gabriella; Pennisi, Maria Grazia; Lupo, Tiziana; Migliazzo, Antonella; Caprì, Alessandra; Solano‐Gallego, Laia

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.010

Cited by 86 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…However, n-PCR alone was able to identify an additional group of dogs that were IFAT negative and, thus, were defined as n-PCR positives in otherwise negative dogs. This situation has been reported in previous studies, although no detailed analyses were conducted (17,19,21,32). In our study, only 7 dogs were classified as exposed and 9 as sick.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Other studies reported higher rates; in particular, StraussAyali et al (48) reported a rate of 92%, and Ferreira et al (11) reported 91.7%, but these studies were performed on, respectively, experimentally infected dogs and symptomatic infected dogs. A considerably lower rate for CS-PCR (43%) in a sample of seropositive dogs was reported recently by Lombardo et al (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…These results demonstrate that CS sampling can play an important role in epidemiological surveys. When considering the rate of positivity to at least one test, the positivity rate increased to 28.45%, confirming that serology alone performed in a nonselected canine population underestimates the prevalence of infection (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Conjunctival swab (CS) sampling associated with a sensitive and specific PCR assay was tested for CanL diagnosis in experimentally infected (48), symptomatic untreated (11), and naturally Leishmania-exposed dogs (17,19,21), and it was found to have a high sensitivity. These findings suggested that careful evaluation of the diagnostic performance of CS nested (n)-PCR analysis was warranted.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

et al. 2012

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a noninvasive assay, conjunctival swab (CS) nested-PCR (n-PCR), for diagnosing canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in different stages of infection in comparison to the performance of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), lymph node microscopy, and buffy coat n-PCR. To this end, we performed a cross-sectional survey among 253 nonselected dogs in areas of endemicity in central Italy. We also performed a longitudinal study of CS n-PCR among 20 sick dogs undergoing antileishmanial treatment. In the first study, among the 72 animals that were positive by at least one test (28.45%), CS n-PCR showed the best relative performance (76.38%), with a high concordance in comparison to standard IFAT serology ( ‫؍‬ 0.75). The highest positivity rates using CS n-PCR were found in asymptomatic infected dogs (84.2%) and sick dogs (77.8%); however, the sensitivity of the assay was not associated with the presence of clinical signs. In the follow-up study on treated sick dogs, CS n-PCR was the most sensitive assay, with promising prognostic value for relapses. The univariate analysis of risk factors for CanL based on CS n-PCR findings showed a significant correlation with age (P ‫؍‬ 0.012), breed size (P ‫؍‬ 0.026), habitat (P ‫؍‬ 4.9 ؋ 10 ؊4 ), and previous therapy (P ‫؍‬ 0.014). Overall, the results indicated that CS n-PCR was the most sensitive assay of the less invasive diagnostic methods and could represent a good option for the early and simple diagnosis of CanL infection in asymptomatic animals and for monitoring relapses in drug-treated dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

et al. 2012

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“…DNA detection as it has been shown that they may be less, equally or even more sensitive when using blood instead of other biological samples (Reithinger et al, 2000;Lachaud et al, 2001;Strauss-Ayali et al, 2004;Manna et al, 2004;Francino et al, 2006;Ferreira et al, 2008;Manna et al, 2008;Leite et al, 2010;de Almeida Ferreira et al, 2012;Lombardo et al, 2012). lymph node, spleen, skin and conjunctiva are the tissues presenting the highest sensitivity for the molecular diagnosis of Leishmania spp infection (Tsokana et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Giannakopoulos

Tsokana

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of Leishmania spp infection and to report the geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infected cats from Thessaly, central Greece, an endemic region for canine and human leishmaniosis. Blood samples were collected from a total of 150 cats (34 stray and 116 owned) from the area of Thessaly, i.e. Larissa (n=6), Volos (n=94), Trikala (n=30) and Karditsa (n=20). Data on signalment and living conditions were registered for each cat. The samples were tested by Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 nested PCR (ITS1 nested PCR). Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to define the geographical distribution of the Leishmania spp infected cats in relation to the land uses and the altitude. In total, 13.3% (95% CI: 8.3-19.8) of the sampled cats were found positive for Leishmania spp DNA. More precisely, the results are 12.8% (95% CI 6.8-21.2) in Volos, 20% (95% CI 6.8-21.2) in Trikala and 10% (95% CI 12-31.7) in Karditsa while none of the six cats examined from the region of Larissa was found PCR positive. The Leishmania spp infected cats were found in artificial surfaces and associated areas and in cultivated and managed areas with a mean altitude of 81,7 m above sea level (range 14 - 225 ± 51.57 SD). No significant correlation was found between Leishmania spp infection and signalment or living conditions, thus suggest ing that the infection is uniformly distributed among the screened feline population. The findings of this study along with the occurrence of competent vectors of Leishmania infantum in Thessaly, support the hypothesis that cats may serve as a reservoir for Leishmania spp in this region and highlight the need for surveillance in feline population and implementation of control measures. However, the epidemiological role of cats in the maintenance and transmission of Leishmania spp has yet to be defined and deserves further investigation.

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EFSA Journal

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Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA by real-time PCR in canine oral and conjunctival swabs and comparison with other diagnostic techniques

Cited by 86 publications

References 43 publications

Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

Diagnostic Value of Conjunctival Swab Sampling Associated with Nested PCR for Different Categories of Dogs Naturally Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

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