Detection of Kestoses and Kestose-Related Oligosaccharides in Extracts of Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata L., and Asparagus officinalis L. Root Cultures and Invertase by 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Forsythe, Kathlene L.; Feather, Milton S.; Gracz, Hanna; Wong, Tuck C.

doi:10.1104/pp.92.4.1014

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Kestose did not accumulate in any of the cultivars. These observations confirm the findings of previous studies of Asparagus fructan (Shiomi et aL, 1976(Shiomi et aL, , 1991Shiomi, 1989;Bancal & Gaudillere, 1989;Forsythe et aL, 1990).…”

Section: Analysis Of Root Carbohydratessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Commentaries on Asparagus in more recent studies of fructan biosynthesis are also restricted to the consideration of small oligosaccharides since they cite only these early studies (Pollock & Cairns, 1991;Chatterton et al, 1988;Pollock & Chatterton, 1988;Cairns & Pollock, 19886;Housley & Daughtry, 1987;Nelson & Spollen, 1987;Pollock, 1986;Suzuki & Pollock, 1986). In addition, more recent experimental studies of Asparagus fructan were restricted to the examination of oligosaccharides of up to DP = 6 (Forsythe et al, 1990;Bancal & Gaudillere, 1989;Shiomi et a/., 1991). With the exception of the work of Shelton & Lacy (1980), which has not, to our knowledge, been cited in commentaries on fructan and fructan biosynthesis, no analysis of the full range of fructan structures from roots of Asparagus was previously available.…”

Section: Analysis Of Root Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reconsideration of fructan biosynthesis in storage roots of Asparagus officinalis L.*

Cairns

1992

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYTotal soluble neutral carbohydrate (SNC) from storage roots of seven cultivars of Asparagus officinalis L. was analyzed by HPLC and TLC. Fructan accounted for roughly 90 % of the total SNC and, of the fructan fraction, 81-98% was of degree of polymerization of five and larger (DP ^ 5). Smaller oligosaccharides and sucrose represented a correspondingly small proportion of the total SNC. This observation differs from the generally accepted view of Asparagus fructan, which emphasizes the presence of small oligofructan in root tissue.On the basis of chromatographic mobility, neokestose and isokestose were identified as the two components of the trisaccharide fraction. Kestose did not accumulate in any of the cultivars studied.A crude enzyme extract of Asparagus roots was prepared using established methods involving dialysis for 5 d. Microbiological analysis of this preparation revealed heavy bacterial contamination. Oligofructan apparently persisted in this protein preparation despite the long period of dialysis. These observations have consequences for the interpretation of previous reports oiin vitro fructosyl transferase data for Asparagus root enzymes. The validity of long-term dialysis in the study of fructan enzymes is questioned.Crude protein extracts of roots were also desalted using a rapid gel-exclusion method. When incubated with sucrose under conditions similar to established techniques, both invertase and fructosyl transferase activities were detected in this preparation. The trisaccharide products of the fructosyl transferase reaction were identified on TLC as neokestose, isokestose and kestose; the last did not accumulate in vivo. Oligofructans of DP > 3 were also synthesized by this preparation and the pattern of products revealed by TLC was similar to previous reports. These oligofructan products of enzyme reactions were compared directly with the complete range of fructan structures accumulating in the tissue, using TLC. The enzyme products bore little resemblance to the native fructan pattern. Such enzyme activities are of doubtful physiological relevance and may be the result of artifactual or ancillary activities of other enzymes such as invertase.These findings are discussed with respect to previous studies of Asparagus root carbohydrates and serve as a basis for a critical reassessment of the enzymology of fructan biosynthesis both in this and other plant tissues.

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Section: Analysis Of Root Carbohydratessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Analysis Of Root Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reconsideration of fructan biosynthesis in storage roots of Asparagus officinalis L.*

Cairns

1992

New Phytologist

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“…The fructopolysaccharides, not derivatives, were studied by "C-NMR spectroscopy though the spectrometer was used for analysis of acetyl derivatives of fructooligosaccharides (Forsythe et al, 1990). ^''C-NMR spectra of the fructopolysaccharide and inulin are shown in Figure 2{a,b).…”

Section: Asparagus Fructopolysaccharide (Asparagosin [Oc]'^-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of fructopolysaccharide (asparagosin) from roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

Shiomi

1993

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYFructopolysaccharide (asparagosin, fructan) was prepared from an extract of asparagus roots by chromatography on carbon-Celite, paper and Toyopearl HW-40S (gel permeation). The asparagus fructopolysaccharide was a mixture of saccharides ranging from DP (degree of polymerization) 12 to 22 approximately. It yielded fructose and glucose hy hydrolyzing with acid or yeast //-fructofuranosidase. The ratio of fructose to glucose in the enzyme hydrolysate was 13 :1 hy HPLC analysis. Structural determinations were made hy ^-'C-NMR spectroscopy. Strong signals corresponding to carhon-1 (C-1), C-2, C-3, C-4, C-6 and C-5 of fructose residues m the fructopolysaccharide were ohserved at 561-08-61-77, 103-64-104-26, 77-42-78-08, 74-43-75-09, 62-71-63-00 and 81-74 respectively. These chemical shifts were similar to those of inulin. Moreover, weaker signals were also detected at ^92-85, 71-80, 73-13, 69-79 and 72-23 due to C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-5 of the glucose residue. The chemical shifts are almost identical to those of glucose carbons in raffinose, neokestose, 6''(l-^-Dfructofuranosyl),sucrose and r ,6'=-di-;5-D-fructofuranosyl sucrose. These findings were confirmed by analysis of methanolysate from permethylated fructopolysaccharide by using gas-liquid chromatography. The fructopolysaccharide from asparagus roots was composed of saccharides possessing approximately 11-21 fructose residues linked hy /^-2,1 honds and a non-terminal glucose residue bound with fructose residues at positions C-1 and C-6.

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“…But, its concentration in D plants was null or weak at T2 and T3, suggesting its concentration was related to disease symptom expression. 1-kestose is known to be produced by several plants such as Banana ( Agopian et al., 2008 ), Asparagus ( Forsythe et al., 1990 ), and grapevine ( Dos Santos Lima et al., 2019 ), and was also described in human to make the resident bifidobacterial more vigorous in the intestinal flora ( Hidaka et al., 1986 ). Mannitol is a polyol commonly found in plants and fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and developmental disturbances caused by Botryosphaeria dieback in the annual stems of grapevine

Moret,

Jacquens,

Larignon

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease caused by fungi of the Botryosphaeriaceae family, which attacks more specifically the woody tissues. The infection leads to different symptoms including a severe form with a leaf drop as well as premature plant death. Botryosphaeria dieback causes major economic losses, since no effective treatment is yet available. A better understanding is necessary to find solutions to fight this disease. In this study, our objective was to characterize the “leaf drop” form by (1) looking for the presence of pathogens in the basal internodes of stems, (2) quantifying blocked vessels by tylosis and/or gummosis, and (3) describing the impact of the disease on vine physiology (gene expression and metabolome) and development (establishment and functioning of the cambium and phellogen) at the level of xylem and phloem of basal stem internodes. Our study has shown that Botryosphaeriaceae were present in both phloem and xylem of the basal internodes of the annual stem, with xylem vessels obturated. We have also clearly demonstrated that gene expression and metabolite profiles were strongly modified in both xylem and phloem of diseased plants. Differences in stems between healthy (control, C) and diseased (D) plants were low at flowering (vines not yet symptomatic), higher at the onset of symptom expression and still present, although less marked, at full disease expression. qRT-PCR analysis showed in both phloem and xylem an overexpression of genes involved in plant defense, and a repression of genes related to meristematic activity (i.e. vascular cambium and phellogen). Metabolomic analysis showed specific fingerprints in stems of healthy and diseased plants from the onset of symptom expression, with an increase of the level of phytoalexins and mannitol, and a decrease of 1-kestose one. At the structural level, many alterations were observed in internodes, even before the onset of symptoms: a classical obstruction of xylem vessels and, for the first time, a disorganization of the secondary phloem with an obstruction of the sieve plates by callose. The disease modifies the development of both secondary phloem (liber) and phellogen. Altogether, this study combining different approaches allowed to highlight deep vine dysfunction in the internodes at the base of stems, that may explain vine decline due to Botryosphaeria dieback.

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Detection of Kestoses and Kestose-Related Oligosaccharides in Extracts of Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata L., and Asparagus officinalis L. Root Cultures and Invertase by ¹³C and ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

A reconsideration of fructan biosynthesis in storage roots of Asparagus officinalis L.*

A reconsideration of fructan biosynthesis in storage roots of Asparagus officinalis L.*

Structure of fructopolysaccharide (asparagosin) from roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

Physiological and developmental disturbances caused by Botryosphaeria dieback in the annual stems of grapevine

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