Detection of kdr and ace-1 mutations in wild populations of Anopheles arabiensis and An. melas in a residual malaria transmission area of Senegal

Sy, Ousmane; Sarr, Pape; Assogba, Benoît Sessinou; Ndiaye, Magatte; Dia, Abdoulaye Kane; Ndiaye, Assane; Nourdine, M. A.; Gueye, Oumou Kalsom; Konaté, Lassana; Gaye, Oumar; Faye, Ousmane; Niang, El Hadji Amadou

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104783

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1). Detailed description of the three study sites and areas are reported in Ndiaye et al (2020) [16] and in Sy et al (2018;2021) [17].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual malaria transmission in central-western Senegal: role and bionomics of the local populations of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles melas

Sarr

Assogba

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Understanding the behavior and ecology of local malaria vectors is essential for the effectiveness of the commonly used vector-targeted malaria control tools in areas of low malaria transmission. This study was conducted to determine species composition, biting behavior and infectivity of the major Anophelesvectors of Plasmodium falciparum in low transmission settings in central western Senegal. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches (HLCs) during two consecutive nights and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSCs) in 30 to 40 randomly selected rooms, from July 2017 to December 2018 in three villages. Anopheline mosquitoes were morphologically identified using conventional keys; their reproductive status assessed by ovary dissections, and a sub-sample of An. gambiae s.l. were identified to species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasmodium sporozoite infections were detected using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results During this study 3684 Anopheles were collected of which 97% were An. gambiae s.l., 0.6% were Anopheles funestus and 2.4% were Anopheles pharoensis. Molecular identification of 1877 An. gambiae s.l. revealed a predominance of An. arabiensis (68.7%), followed by An. melas (28.8%) and An. coluzzii (2.1%). The overall human biting rate of An. gambiae s.l. was highest in the inland site of Keur Martin with 4.92 bites per person per night, while it was similar in the deltaic site, Diofior (0.51) and the coastal site, Mbine Coly (0.67). Parity rates were similar in An. arabiensis (45%) and An. melas (42%). Sporozoite infections were detected in both An. arabiensis and An. melas with the respective infection rates of 1.39% (N=8) and 0.41% (N=1). Conclusion Results suggest that low residual malaria in central western Senegal is transmitted by An. arabiensis and An. melas. Consequently, both vectors will need to be targeted as part of malaria elimination efforts in this area of Senegal.

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“…1). Detailed description of the three study sites and areas are reported in Ndiaye et al (2020) [16] and in Sy et al (2018;2021) [17].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coluzzii and An. melas in the hotspots surveyed [12], with local populations displaying resistance to several public health insecticides [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual malaria transmission in central-western Senegal: role and bionomics of the local populations of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles melas

Sarr

Assogba

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Resistance in Aedes mosquitoes has been related to the upregulation of the CYP6 and CYP9 genes. 23 – 26 An accurate analysis of individual enzymes involved in insecticide metabolism is a challenging task but is crucial for the understanding of insecticide resistance. 21 , 27 In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing on deltamethrin-resistant and sensitive strains of Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 Participation in Deltamethrin Metabolic Resistance in Aedes albopictus

Peng

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The extensive use of chemical insecticides for public health and agricultural purposes has increased the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance. This study used transcriptome sequencing to screen 10 upregulated metabolic detoxification enzyme genes from Aedes albopictus resistant strains. Of these, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 were found to be substantially overexpressed in the deltamethrin-induced expression test, indicating their role in deltamethrin resistance in Ae. albopictus. Furthermore, the corresponding 60-kDa recombinant proteins, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6, were successfully expressed using the Escherichia coli expression system. Enzyme activity studies revealed that CYP6A14 (5.84 U/L) and CYP6N6 (6.3 U/L) have cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme activity. In vitro, the metabolic analysis revealed that the recombinant proteins degraded deltamethrin into 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and 2′,2′-dibromo-2′-deoxyguanosine. Subsequently, the CYP450 genes in larvae of Ae. albopictus were silenced by RNA interference technology to study deltamethrin resistance in vivo. The silencing of CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 increased the mortality rate of mosquitoes without affecting their survival time, spawning quantity, hatching rate, and other normal life activities. Altogether, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 belong to the CYP6 family and mutually increase deltamethrin resistance in Ae. albopictus.

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“…Over the past decade, Senegal has undertaken large up-scaling of pyrethroid-based vector control interventions, mainly through universal the coverage of LLIN and targeted IRS using pyrethroids in selected Senegalese health districts between 2007 and 2010 [ 18 ]. However, several reports of pyrethroid resistance amongst natural population of malaria vectors [ 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], could compromise the gain obtained. Moreover, although the co-occurrence of both Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S has been extensively reported from several wild populations across diverse ecological zones of the country [ 14 , 20 , 21 ], their evolutionary history and dynamic in the country remain unclear and under-investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several reports of pyrethroid resistance amongst natural population of malaria vectors [ 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], could compromise the gain obtained. Moreover, although the co-occurrence of both Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S has been extensively reported from several wild populations across diverse ecological zones of the country [ 14 , 20 , 21 ], their evolutionary history and dynamic in the country remain unclear and under-investigated. Therefore, understanding the distribution and evolutionary processes of both Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S mutations amongst the natural An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Pyrethroids Target-Site Resistance Mechanisms in Senegal: Early Stage of the Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S Allelic Frequencies Shift

Diallo

Hamid-Adiamoh

et al. 2021

Genes

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The evolution and spread of insecticide resistance mechanisms amongst malaria vectors across the sub-Saharan Africa threaten the effectiveness and sustainability of current insecticide-based vector control interventions. However, a successful insecticide resistance management plan relies strongly on evidence of historical and contemporary mechanisms circulating. This study aims to retrospectively determine the evolution and spread of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms among natural Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in Senegal. Samples were randomly drawn from an existing mosquito sample, collected in 2013, 2017, and 2018 from 10 sentinel sites monitored by the Senegalese National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Molecular species of An. gambiae s.l. and the resistance mutations at the Voltage-gated Sodium Channel 1014 (Vgsc-1014) locus were characterised using PCR-based assays. The genetic diversity of the Vgsc gene was further analyzed by sequencing. The overall species composition revealed the predominance of Anopheles arabiensis (73.08%) followed by An. gambiae s.s. (14.48%), Anopheles coluzzii (10.94%) and Anopheles gambiae–coluzii hybrids (1.48%). Both Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S mutations were found in all studied populations with a spatial variation of allele frequencies from 3% to 90%; and 7% to 41%, respectively. The two mutations have been detected since 2013 across all the selected health districts, with Vgsc-L1014S frequency increasing over the years while Vgsc-1014F decreasing. At species level, the Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S alleles were more frequent amongst An. gambiae s.s. (70%) and An. arabiensis (20%). The Vgsc gene was found to be highly diversified with eight different haplotypes shared between Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S. The observed co-occurrence of Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S mutations suggest that pyrethroid resistance is becoming a widespread phenomenon amongst malaria vector populations, and the NMCP needs to address this issue to sustain the gain made in controlling malaria.

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Detection of kdr and ace-1 mutations in wild populations of Anopheles arabiensis and An. melas in a residual malaria transmission area of Senegal

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Residual malaria transmission in central-western Senegal: role and bionomics of the local populations of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles melas

Residual malaria transmission in central-western Senegal: role and bionomics of the local populations of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles melas

In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 Participation in Deltamethrin Metabolic Resistance in Aedes albopictus

Evolution of the Pyrethroids Target-Site Resistance Mechanisms in Senegal: Early Stage of the Vgsc-1014F and Vgsc-1014S Allelic Frequencies Shift

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