Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes from Xinjiang during next‐generation sequencing arboviral surveillance

Hameed, Muddassar; Khan, Sawar; Xu, Jianyun; Zhang, Junjie; Wang, Xin; Di, Di; Chen, Zheng; Anwar, Muhammad Naveed; Wahaab, Abdul; Ma, Xiaochun; Nawaz, Mohsin; Liu, Ke; Li, Beibei; Shao, Donghua; Qiu, Yafeng; Wei, Jianchao; Ma, Zhiyong

doi:10.1111/tbed.13697

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…JEV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus and is phylogenetically classified into five genotypes (genotype I to V) according to the nucleotide sequence of the E gene. Most isolates from JEV hosts belong to genotype I (GI) or genotype III (GIII) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Cleavage Sites Proteolytically Processed by NS2B-NS3 Protease in Polyprotein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

et al. 2021

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Understanding the proteolytic processing of polyprotein mediated by NS2B-NS3 protease contributes to the exploration of the mechanisms underlying infection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus. In this study, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell models were employed to identify the cleavage sites mediated by viral NS2B-NS3 protease in JEV polyprotein. Artificial green fluorescent protein (GFP) substrates that contained the predicted cleavage site sequences of JEV polyprotein were expressed in swine testicle (ST) cells in the presence and absence of JEV infection, or co-expressed in E. coli with the recombinant NS2B-NS3 protease that was generated by fusing the N-terminal protease domain of NS3 to the central hydrophilic domain of NS2B. The cleavage of GFP substrates was examined by western blot. Among twelve artificial GFP substrates containing the cleavage site sequences predictively processed by host cell and/or NS2B-NS3 proteases, all sites were found to be cleaved by host cell proteases with different efficiencies. The sites at internal C, NS2A/NS2B, NS2B/NS3 and NS3/NS4A junctions, but not the sites at internal NS3, internal NS4A and NS4B/NS5 junctions were identified to be cleaved by JEV NS2B-NS3 protease. These data provide insight into the proteolytic processing of polyprotein, which is useful for understanding JEV replication and pathogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Cleavage Sites Proteolytically Processed by NS2B-NS3 Protease in Polyprotein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

et al. 2021

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“…We further examined the seroprevalence of JEV during different months and seasons of the year in 2019–2020. From June to September, the environmental conditions are conducive for mosquitos’ growth in Shanghai, and it is also the epidemic period of JE [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. We observed that the average JEV-antibody-positive ratio was 16.4% during spring (March to May), which was substantially below the average positive rate of JEV antibodies in the epidemic late autumn (46.3%) and winter seasons (35.7%) ( p < 0.05) ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Strips for Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Dogs across Shanghai, China

Zhong,

Wahaab,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes acute encephalitis in humans and is of major public health concern in most Asian regions. Dogs are suitable sentinels for assessing the risk of JEV infection in humans. A neutralization test (NT) or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for the serological detection of JEV in dogs; however, these tests have several limitations, and, thus, a more convenient and reliable alternative test is needed. In this study, a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (ICS), using a purified recombinant EDIII protein, was established for the serological survey of JEV infection in dogs. The results show that the ICSs could specifically detect JEV antibodies within 10 min without cross-reactions with antibodies against other canine viruses. The test strips could detect anti-JEV in serum with dilution up to 640 times, showing high sensitivity. The coincidence rate with the NT test was higher than 96.6%. Among 586 serum samples from dogs in Shanghai examined using the ICS test, 179 (29.98%) were found to be positive for JEV antibodies, and the high seropositivity of JEV in dogs in China was significantly correlated with the season and living environment. In summary, we developed an accurate and economical ICS for the rapid detection of anti-JEV in dog serum samples with great potential for the surveillance of JEV in dogs.

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“…This approach can also be used for the rapid identification of new vector species, the feeding sources and the screening for arboviruses, allowing the surveillance of potential emerging viruses and the prevention and control of VBDs (Batovska et al 2018). When applied to the whole body, midgut, salivary glands or expectorated saliva samples of haematophagous arthropods that feed on the blood of several vertebrate hosts, including mammals and birds, this strategy contributes to vector incrimination in enzootic, endemic and epidemic transmission cycles and to the assessment of the risk for the human population (Batson et al 2021;Birnberg et al 2020;Brinkmann et al 2016;Charles et al 2018;Grubaugh et al 2015;Hameed et al 2021;Russell et al 2018;Xiao et al 2018;Yang et al 2015).…”

Section: Metagenomic Ngs For the Identification And Discovery Of New ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and emergence of mosquito-borne viruses of medical importance: towards a routine metagenomic surveillance approach

et al. 2023

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During the last two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of arthropod-borne viruses, better known as arboviruses. The close contact between sylvatic, rural and peri-urban vector species and humans has been mainly determined by the environment-modifying human activity. The resulting interactions have led to multiple dead-end host infections and have allowed sylvatic arboviruses to eventually adapt to new vectors and hosts, contributing to the establishment of urban transmission cycles of some viruses with enormous epidemiologic impact. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has allowed obtaining unbiased sequence information of millions of DNA and RNA molecules from clinical and environmental samples. Robust bioinformatics tools have enabled the assembly of individual sequence reads into contigs and scaffolds partially or completely representing the genomes of the microorganisms and viruses being present in biological samples of clinical relevance. In this review, we describe the different ecological scenarios for the emergence of viral diseases, the virus adaptation process required for the establishment of a new transmission cycle and the usefulness of NGS and computational methods for the discovery and routine genomic surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in their ecosystems.

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Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes from Xinjiang during next‐generation sequencing arboviral surveillance

Abstract: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is arguably the most important acute viral encephalitis in the world (Campbell et al., 2011), with an estimated 68,000 clinical cases, and 10,000-15,000 associated deaths per year

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Identification of Cleavage Sites Proteolytically Processed by NS2B-NS3 Protease in Polyprotein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Identification of Cleavage Sites Proteolytically Processed by NS2B-NS3 Protease in Polyprotein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Development of Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Strips for Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Dogs across Shanghai, China

Evolution and emergence of mosquito-borne viruses of medical importance: towards a routine metagenomic surveillance approach

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