Detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of transient global amnesia

Chung, Chih‐Ping; Hsu, Hui‐Ting; Chao, A-Ching; Chang, Fan‐Ren; Sheng, Wen‐Yung; Hu, Han‐Hwa

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000219620.69618.9d

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our findings are similar to those reported by other authors using similar or other methods of evaluation. [17][18][19][20]22 In this prospective study, we followed standardized criteria for the assessment of patients with TGA and controls, and every subject was evaluated by an experienced neurologist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diencephalic structures involving the hippocampus may play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of TGA. Using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, Chung et al 17 found intracranial venous reflux in a group of patients with TGA. This finding supports the hypothesis that retrograde venous hypertension causing transient cerebral venous ischemia is important in the pathogenesis of TGA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal Jugular Vein Valve Incompetence Is Highly Prevalent in Transient Global Amnesia

Cejas

Cisneros

Lagos

et al. 2010

Stroke

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Jugular Vein Valve Incompetence Is Highly Prevalent in Transient Global Amnesia

Cejas

Cisneros

Lagos

et al. 2010

Stroke

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“…25 Other entities like transient global amnesia and chronic migraine have also been associated with jugular reflux and changes in the venous dynamics. 26,27 Additionally, well-known MS susceptibility factors like cardiovascular, infectious, and inflammatory risks have been associated with increased prevalence of CCSVI. 28 The paucity of differences in any of the conventional inflammatory outcome measures may be explained by the recent findings, which suggest that the cortical atrophy, and specifically cortical hemispheric volume loss lateralization, could influence the homeostasis of autonomic nervous system (ANS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional brain atrophy is associated with low or retrograde facial vein flow in multiple sclerosis

Jakimovski

Marr

Mancini

et al. 2017

Veins and Lymphatics

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Increased collateral facial vein (FV) flow may be associated with structural damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective was to assess differences in FV flow and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived outcomes in MS. The study included 136 MS patients who underwent neck and head vascular system examination by echo-color Doppler. Inflammatory MRI markers were assessed on a 3T MRI using a semi-automated edge detection and contouring/thresholding technique. MRI volumetric outcomes of whole brain (WB), gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cortex, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF), deep gray matter (DGM), thalamus, caudate nucleus (CN), putamen, globus pallidus (GP), and hippocampus were calculated. Independent t-test and ANCOVA, adjusted for age, were used to compare groups based on FV flow quartiles. Thirty-four MS patients with FV flow ≤327.8 mL/min (lowest quartile) had significantly lower WB (P<0.001), WM (P<0.001), thalamus (P=0.004), cortex (P=0.004), GM (P=0.004), DGM (P=0.008), hippocampus (P=0.005), and GP volumes (P=0.044) compared to 102 patients with FV flow of >327.8 mL/min (higher quartiles). There were no differences in T1-, T2-and gadolinium-enhancing lesion volumes between the quartile groups.The lack of an association between FV blood flow and inflammatory MRI measures in MS patients, but an association with brain atrophy, suggests that the severity of neurodegenerative process may be related to hemodynamic alterations. MS patients with more advanced global and regional brain atrophy showed low or retrograde FV volume flow.

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“…Various causes have been hypothesized including ischemia, epilepsy, migraine [119] and disturbance of cerebral venous blood flow, [120] leading to ischemia of structures such as the hippocampus that are involved in memory. [121] There has been no scientific proof of any cause. However diffusion weighted MRI studies taken from 12-24 hours following an episode has shown there to be small dot-like lesions in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Transient Global Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hippocampus

Wright¹

2017

Wiki J Med

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The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex; (allocortical) [1][2] [3] and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: the hippocampus proper (also called Ammon's horn) [4] and the dentate gyrus.In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia (the inability to form and retain new memories).In rodents as model organisms, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memories are stored in the brain.

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Detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of transient global amnesia

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Internal Jugular Vein Valve Incompetence Is Highly Prevalent in Transient Global Amnesia

Internal Jugular Vein Valve Incompetence Is Highly Prevalent in Transient Global Amnesia

Global and regional brain atrophy is associated with low or retrograde facial vein flow in multiple sclerosis

The Hippocampus

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