Detection of interstellar trans-ethyl alcohol

Zuckerman, B.; Turner, B. E.; Johnson, Donald R.; Clark, F. O.; Lovas, F. J.; Fourikis, N.; Palmer, Patrick; Morris, M.; Lilley, A. E.; Ball, John A.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Litvak, M. M.; Penfield, H.

doi:10.1086/181753

Cited by 80 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Acetone, dimethyl ether and ethanol, all referred to as complex organic molecules (COMs), have been observed with large fractional abundances (≈ 10 −8 ) towards hot core regions of interstellar clouds, notably towards the galactic center in the cloud Sagittarius (Sgr) B2, and towards the Orion nebula in a variety of positions [56][57][58][59][60][61]. These sources have rather high gas-phase (∼ 200 K) and grain temperatures (∼ 80 K) compared with non-star-forming dense regions of clouds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of OH radical–neutral low temperature tunnelling reactions in interstellar clouds using a new model

et al. 2015

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Recent laboratory experiments using a pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus have shown that reactions between a neutral molecule and the radical OH can occur efficiently at low temperatures despite activation energy barriers if there is a hydrogen-bonded complex in the entrance channel which allows the system to tunnel efficiently under the barrier. Since OH is a major radical in the interstellar medium, this class of reactions may well be important in the chemistry that occurs in the gas phase of interstellar clouds. Using a new gas-grain chemical network with both gas-phase reactions and reactions on the surfaces of dust particles, we studied the role of OH-neutral reactions in dense interstellar clouds at 10 K, 50 K, and 100 K. We determined that at least one of these reactions can be significant, especially at the lowest temperatures studied, where the rate constants are large. It was found in particular that the reaction between CH 3 OH and OH provides an effective and unambiguous gas-phase route to the production of the gaseous methoxy radical (CH 3 O), which has been recently detected in cold, dense interstsellar clouds. The role of other reactions in this class is explored.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of OH radical–neutral low temperature tunnelling reactions in interstellar clouds using a new model

et al. 2015

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“…Appendix A.1: History of detections Methanol, CH 3 OH, (Ball et al 1970), acetaldehyde, CH 3 CHO, also known as ethanal, (Gottlieb 1973;Fourikis et al 1974), dimethyl ether, CH 3 OCH 3 , (Snyder et al 1974), ethanol, C 2 H 5 OH, (Zuckerman et al 1975), methyl formate, CH 3 OCHO, (Brown et al 1975;) and also ketene, CH 2 CO, also known as ethenone, (Turner 1977), were…”

Section: Appendix A: Discussion Of Individual Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALMA-PILS survey: isotopic composition of oxygen-containing complex organic molecules toward IRAS 16293–2422B

Jørgensen

Müller

Calcutt

et al. 2018

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Context. One of the important questions of astrochemistry is how complex organic molecules, including potential prebiotic species, are formed in the envelopes around embedded protostars. The abundances of minor isotopologues of a molecule, in particular the Dand 13 C-bearing variants, are sensitive to the densities, temperatures and time-scales characteristic of the environment in which they form, and can therefore provide important constraints on the formation routes and conditions of individual species. Aims. The aim of this paper is to systematically survey the deuteration and the 13 C content of a variety of oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules on Solar System scales toward the "B component" of the protostellar binary IRAS 16293-2422. Methods. We use the data from an unbiased molecular line survey of the protostellar binary IRAS 16293−2422 between 329 and 363 GHz from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The data probe scales of 60 AU (diameter) where most of the organic molecules are expected to have sublimated off dust grains and be present in the gas-phase. The deuterated and 13 Cisotopic species of ketene, acetaldehyde and formic acid, as well as deuterated ethanol, are detected unambiguously for the first time in the interstellar medium. These species are analysed together with the 13 C isotopic species of ethanol, dimethyl ether and methyl formate along with mono-deuterated methanol, dimethyl ether and methyl formate. Results. The complex organic molecules can be divided into two groups with one group, the simpler species, showing a D/H ratio of ≈ 2% and the other, the more complex species, D/H ratios of 4-8%. This division may reflect the formation time of each species in the ices before or during warm-up/infall of material through the protostellar envelope. No significant differences are seen in the deuteration of different functional groups for individual species, possibly a result of the short time-scale for infall through the innermost warm regions where exchange reactions between different species may be taking place. The species show differences in excitation temperatures between 125 K and 300 K. This likely reflects the binding energies/sublimation temperatures of the individual species, in good agreement to what has previously been found for high-mass sources. For dimethyl ether the 12 C/ 13 C ratio is found to be lower by up to a factor of 2 compared to typical ISM values similar to what has previously been inferred for glycolaldehyde. Tentative identifications suggest that the same may apply for 13 C isotopologues of methyl formate and ethanol. If confirmed, this may be a clue to their formation at the late prestellar/early protostellar phases with an enhancement of the available 13 C relative to 12 C related to small differences in binding energies for CO isotopologues or the impact of FUV irradiation by the central protostar.Conclusions. The results point to the importance of ice surface chemistry for the formation of these complex organic molecules at different stag...

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“…The trans state of ethyl alcohol was first detected in the interstellar medium by Zuckerman et al in Sgr B2 [65]. The gauche states were identified by Pearson et al [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%