Detection of Infectious Tobamoviruses in Forest Soils

Fillhart, Ronald C.; Bachand, George D.; Castello, John D.

doi:10.1128/aem.64.4.1430-1435.1998

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Because plant viruses are unable to replicate in human cells, a contribution of pepino mosaic virus to the development or maintenance of BAVK is rather unlikely. Plant RNA viruses are quite stable and can be frequently found in environmental samples such as soil or waste water, but also in human faeces (29)(30)(31). Thus, we speculate that these sequences might derive from the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

No human virus sequences detected by next‐generation sequencing in benign verrucous skin tumors occurring in BRAF‐inhibitor‐treated patients

Ganzenmueller

Hage

Yakushko

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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Patients treated with BRAF inhibitors (e.g. vemurafenib), a novel targeted therapy for advanced melanoma harbouring certain BRAF mutations, develop numerous adverse cutaneous side effects, including skin tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma or non-malignant verruciform keratinocyte proliferations, termed 'BRAF-inhibitor-associated verrucous keratosis (BAVK) lesions'. These keratinocyte proliferations are believed to be caused by paradoxical hyperactivation of the MAPK pathway in cells with wild-type BRAF, but mutated RAS. However, due to the clinical and histological verruca-like appearance of these lesions, additional aetiologic cofactors, such as infectious agents (i.e. oncogenic viruses), might be suspected. Therefore, we performed 454 high-throughput sequencing of BAVK lesions from vemurafenib-treated patients on the transcript level to identify actively transcribed viral sequences of known [e.g. human papilloma viruses (HPV)] or even yet-unknown viruses. Next-generation sequencing did not identify transcripts of any human viruses out of 1 595 161 reads obtained from BAVK lesions of four patients. Nevertheless, all controls were recognized correctly, and the detection of sequences derived from the cutaneous microbiome (e.g. skin commensals and bacterial phages) confirmed the validity and sensitivity of the sequencing data. Our results are consistent with preliminary histological and immunohistochemical findings recently reported by others, who also failed to detect the expression of HPV proteins in BAVK. Although the patient number is limited and we cannot exclude the possibility of having missed a viral transcript of very low abundance, our study argues against a viral aetiology of BRAF-inhibitor-associated verruciform keratoses occurring under vemurafenib.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

No human virus sequences detected by next‐generation sequencing in benign verrucous skin tumors occurring in BRAF‐inhibitor‐treated patients

Ganzenmueller

Hage

Yakushko

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Few indicator plants distinguish reliably between ToMV and TMV: Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Black Turtle 1 is susceptible to infection by TMV and some isolates of ToMV but only TMV infection will result in the production of red, necrotic local lesions; Cucumis sativus L. produces local lesions upon inoculation with ToMV, and no symptoms were observed upon inoculation with TMV (Jacobi and Castello 1991;Fillhart et al 1998). It takes 3-7 days for symptoms to develop, whereas multiplex RT-PCR can be performed in only 1 day including gel analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus in pepper and tomato by multiplex RT-PCR

Kumar¹,

Shankar²,

Nayaka³

et al. 2011

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To develop a highly sensitive and rapid protocol for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in pepper and tomato. In this study, we use the multiplex PCR technique to detect dual infection of these two viruses. Methods and Results: A multiplex RT–PCR method consisting of one‐tube reaction with two primer pairs targeted to replicase genes was developed to simultaneously detect TMV and ToMV in seed samples of pepper and tomato. Specific primers were designed from conserved regions of each of the virus genomes, and their specificity was confirmed by sequencing PCR products. RT–PCR detected up to 10−6 dilution of total RNA extracted from infected leaves. Multiplex RT–PCR revealed the presence of both TMV and ToMV in three of 18 seed samples of tomato and one of 18 seed samples of pepper. Conclusions: The multiplex PCR assay was a cost effective, quick diagnostic technique, which was helpful in differentiating TMV and ToMV accurately. Significance and Impact of the Study: The multiplex PCR assay described in this study is a valuable tool for plant pathology and basic research studies. This method may facilitate better recognition and distinction of TMV and ToMV in both pepper and tomato.

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“…The rate of 100% transmission from seeds does not correspond to our knowledge and experience and might perhaps result from contamination. In contrast to seed transmission, the infection rate obtained through the contaminated soil was 10‐fold greater than that detected with CGMMV‐contaminated seeds, with an infection rate of 1.13% (Table ), which is lower than the low‐scale experiments conducted on Tomato mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus (Pares et al , ; Fillhart et al , ). These infected plants, in a trellised greenhouse should be identified and eradicated as early as possible to prevent further spread of the virus (Broadbent & Fletcher, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Epidemiological study ofCucumber green mottle mosaic virusin greenhouses enables reduction of disease damage in cucurbit production

et al. 2015

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Since 2007, the tobamovirus Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) has become widespread in Israel, causing severe damage to trellised cucumber and melon in greenhouses and watermelon grown in open fields. To reduce disease damage below the economic threshold, this study focused on four objectives: (a) monitoring the patterns of virus distribution within commercial cucumber greenhouses; (b) studying the potential transmission of CGMMV by agrotechnical activities; (c) virus localization in plant tissues; and (d) searching for techniques that might be adapted for mitigating the disease in trellised cucurbit growth. The results of our surveys demonstrated the role of contaminated seeds and soil as primary inoculum sources, and secondary spread caused by agrotechnical activities. The patterns of secondary disease spread were demonstrated in a series of inoculation experiments involving contaminated knives, shears or hands on wet and dry plants, conducted under research-greenhouse conditions. In parallel experiments using CGMMV-specific antibody and secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa fluor 488, the viral coat protein was visualized in several plant tissues: phloem, xylem, trichomes and grasping tendrils. In addition, commercial-greenhouse experiments were aimed at reducing the number of inoculum sources by identifying and removing infected plants from the plots (early monitoring) prior to agrotechnical activities and/or by adding intermediate medium (IM), such as virus-free compost, to the planting pits at the planting stage. It is suggested that the use of IM combined with early monitoring, awareness of worker mobility (from contaminated structures to young planting areas) and proper sanitation (e.g. disinfection of agrotechnical tools) may reduce the yield losses caused by CGMMV below the economic threshold. of the RNA strand from degradation (Ono et al., 1972;Ugaki et al., 1991;Tan et al., 2000). Tobamoviruses are known to cause severe crop diseases and are responsible for significant economic losses worldwide in a wide range of plant species (e.g. Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae). The symptoms induced by tobamoviruses include mottling and mosaic on leaves, as well as different degrees of fruit mottling or distortion (Fig. 1), which result in severe yield losses in pepper (Capsicum annum), tomato (Solanum Ann Appl Biol 168 (2016) 29-40 29 © 2015 Association of Applied Biologists Reducing CGMMV damage in greenhouses V. Reingold et al.

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Detection of Infectious Tobamoviruses in Forest Soils

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

No human virus sequences detected by next‐generation sequencing in benign verrucous skin tumors occurring in BRAF‐inhibitor‐treated patients

No human virus sequences detected by next‐generation sequencing in benign verrucous skin tumors occurring in BRAF‐inhibitor‐treated patients

Detection of Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus in pepper and tomato by multiplex RT-PCR

Epidemiological study ofCucumber green mottle mosaic virusin greenhouses enables reduction of disease damage in cucurbit production

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