Detection of infectious bronchitis virus 793B, avian metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry in Ethiopia

Abstract

A survey was conducted into respiratory infectious diseases of poultry on a chicken breeder farm run by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), located in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 117 randomly selected birds, and blood was taken from a subset of 73 of these birds. A combination of serological and molecular methods was used for detection of pathogens. For the first time in Ethiopia, we report the detection of variant infectious bronchitis virus (793B genotype), avian metapneumovirus subtype B and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry. Mycoplasma gallisepticum was also found to be present; however, infectious laryngotracheitis virus was not detected by PCR. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was not detected by PCR, but variable levels of anti-NDV HI antibody titres shows possible exposure to virulent strains or poor vaccine take, or both. For the burgeoning-intensive industry in Ethiopia, this study highlights several circulating infectious respiratory pathogens that can impact on poultry welfare and productivity.

Enteric Virus Diversity Examined by Molecular Methods in Brazilian Poultry Flocks

“…The ARtV analyzed in this study showed a close phylogenetic relationship with isolates from the United States, Peru, South Korea, Ireland, Germany, Nigeria, and Brazil, particularly in the length of the branches in the phylogenetic tree, which may confirm the complete distribution of the virus around the world [ 22 , 24 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Coronaviruses such as IBV are some of the most widely distributed enteric viruses in Brazil and have attracted special interest from the poultry industry due the economic losses caused by its impact on the health of birds [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. The geographical distribution of the enteric viruses analyzed in this study was reported previously in some regions from the Brazilian territory.…”

Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus: a review

“…Little is known of the epidemiology of IB in East Africa, particularly within the regions of the ‘Horn of Africa’. IB was only recently reported to be present in Ethiopia (Hutton et al , 2016) in a study using serology and sequencing approaches to detect IBV isolates from a non-vaccinated institutional farm in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. The virus was found to be of European 793B genotype, with 92–95% sequence identity with the French isolate, FR-94047-94, and the virulent 4/91 (Cavanagh et al , 2005).…”

Prevalência e estudo genético de Mycoplasma gallisepticum e M. synoviae em poedeiras comerciais, na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Posteriormente, todas as amostras foram submetidas à PCR para detecção de MG e MS. (Tamura et al, 2013). (Hutton et al, 2017;Sid et al, 2015), o que torna relevante os resultados obtidos.…”