Detection of incipient self-ignition process in solid fuels through gas emissions methodology

Fernandez-Añez, Nieves; Torrent, Javier García; Pejić, Ljiljana Medić; Grima-Olmedo, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2015.02.010

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A fast and direct technique to detect the beginning of the self-combustion process consists of analyzing the air surrounding the stored or transported material in order to detect the presence of certain gases, such as CO and CO 2 , which are characteristic products of combustion reactions. Using a new methodology, it is possible to determine early oxidation processes [44].…”

Section: Gas Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders

et al. 2020

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Dust explosions and fires pose an industrial safety problem, due to the human and material losses caused by them. As many fuel processes and material transport generate powder particles, the effect of granulometry in different flammability properties has been studied to define the relationship between both. Deep knowledge of this relationship reduces the self-ignition and self-combustion processes, and the accidents associated with these processes. In this study, six different samples, including biomass, charcoal, and dog food, are tested in three different particle sizes, so differences in their flammability behavior could be appreciated (not only considering fine particles, but also coarse samples). The transport classification test was carried out, obtaining significant results in two samples, where the same material did not self-ignite when tested at its coarse size, but it did when tested at fine particle size. Similar results were obtained when analyzing initial temperature for related-combustion gasses emission: the finer the particle size, the lower the initial temperature. To understand the heat mechanisms, thermal analyses were performed, such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, a self-ignition risk was assessed for all samples according to their activation energy and characteristic temperature. All the test results lead to conclude that biomasses easily start self-heating process, but its composition difficult the heat transmission to reach self-ignition, while charcoals are more susceptible to self-ignition.

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Section: Gas Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas emission analysis has been carried out according to the method suggested by Fernandez Anez et al [44]. The sample, inside a cubic cell of 100 mm side, was set inside a sealed container with a K-type thermocouple that allowed the reading of the sample temperature.…”

Section: Gas Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders

et al. 2020

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“…Below 5 mm the snow was assumed to be without any impurities. The albedo of the snow was calculated with the SNICAR model (http://snow.engin.umich.edu/info.html, last access: 17 December 2018) in a two-layer configuration (Flanner et al, 2007(Flanner et al, , 2009). The IRF was calculated for three scenarios: (a) BC-only, (b) BC and BrC and (c) BC and BrC, for which all OC is considered to be BrC.…”

Section: Instantaneous Radiative Forcing (Irf) Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process starts by slow exothermic oxidation at ambient temperature, causing a temperature increase, which is determined by the imbalance between the rate of heat generation and the rate of heat losses (Drysdale, 2011). Fire initiated by self-heating ignition is a well-known hazard for many natural materials (Fernandez Anez et al, 2015;Restuccia et al, 2017a;Wu et al, 2015) and can also occur in natural soils (Restuccia et al, 2017b). Southwestern Greenland was under anticyclonic influence during the last week of July, and according to the MODIS EOSDIS Worldview tool, direct sunshine occurred for 8 consecutive days before the fires started at the end of July 2017.…”

Section: Indications Of Early Permafrost Degradation and Fuel Availabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a sensitivity analysis was performed in which the single scattering albedo (SSA) was perturbed in contrast to a "medium case" (Fig. S8a) that was adopted from the SNICAR model (Flanner et al, 2007(Flanner et al, , 2009 and was used for the discussion in the previous paragraph. To estimate the uncertainty due to the choice of BC optical properties, additional calculations were made by scaling the SSA (red solid lines in Fig.…”

Section: Instantaneous Radiative Forcing and Albedo Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open fires in Greenland in summer 2017: transport, deposition and radiative effects of BC, OC and BrC emissions

et al. 2019

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Highly unusual open fires burned in western Greenland between 31 July and 21 August 2017, after a period of warm, dry and sunny weather. The fires burned on peatlands that became vulnerable to fires by permafrost thawing. We used several satellite data sets to estimate that the total area burned was about 2345 ha. Based on assumptions of typical burn depths and emission factors for peat fires, we estimate that the fires consumed a fuel amount of about 117 kt C and emitted about 23.5 t of black carbon (BC) and 731 t of organic carbon (OC), including 141 t of brown carbon (BrC). We used a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to simulate the atmospheric transport and deposition of these species. We find that the smoke plumes were often pushed towards the Greenland ice sheet by westerly winds, and thus a large fraction of the emissions (30 %) was deposited on snow-or ice-covered surfaces. The calculated deposition was small compared to the deposition from global sources, but not entirely negligible. Analysis of aerosol optical depth data from three sites in western Greenland in August 2017 showed strong influence of forest fire plumes from Canada, but little impact of the Greenland fires. Nevertheless, CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar data showed that our model captured the presence and structure of the plume from the Greenland fires. The albedo changes and instantaneous surface radiative forcing in Greenland due to the fire emissions were estimated with the SNICAR model and the uvspec model from the libRadtran radiative transfer software package. We estimate that the maximum albedo change due to the BC and BrC deposition was about 0.007, too small to be measured. The average instantaneous surface radiative forcing over Greenland at noon on 31 August was 0.03-0.04 W m −2 , with locally occurring maxima of 0.63-0.77 W m −2 (depending on the studied scenario). The average value is up to an order of magnitude smaller than the radiative forcing from other sources. Overall, the fires burning in Greenland in the summer of 2017 had little impact on the Greenland ice sheet, causing a small extra radiative forcing. This was due to thein a global context -still rather small size of the fires. However, the very large fraction of the emissions deposited on the Greenland ice sheet from these fires could contribute to accelerated melting of the Greenland ice sheet if these fires become several orders of magnitude larger under future climate.

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Self-heating properties of softwood samples investigated by using isothermal calorimetry

Rupar-Gadd

Forss

2018

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Detection of incipient self-ignition process in solid fuels through gas emissions methodology

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders

Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders

Open fires in Greenland in summer 2017: transport, deposition and radiative effects of BC, OC and BrC emissions

Self-heating properties of softwood samples investigated by using isothermal calorimetry

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