Detection of Impending Aggressive Outbursts in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders: Violence Clues from Dogs

Bakeman, Uriel; Eilam, Hodaya; Schild, Clara Moray; Grinstein, Dan; Eshed, Yuval; Laster, Morris; Fride, Ester; Anavi‐Goffer, Sharon

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52940-w

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Using animal sentinels as a lens to the environment is in itself not new, as they have long been employed to detect human exposure to biological and chemical hazards (e.g., canaries in coal mines) 27,28 . Moreover, anecdotal evidence has linked animal behavior to the onset of natural disasters 29,30 , and recent evidence suggests that dogs can be used to provide an early warning of epileptic seizures 31 or outbursts of violence 32 . Elucidating the hitherto hidden information in the behavior of animals with cutting-edge technology can help us gauge the conditions of life on Earth 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely poacher detection and localization using sentinel animal movement

Knegt

Eikelboom

Langevelde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Wildlife crime is one of the most profitable illegal industries worldwide. Current actions to reduce it are far from effective and fail to prevent population declines of many endangered species, pressing the need for innovative anti-poaching solutions. Here, we propose and test a real-time poacher early warning system that is based on the movement responses of non-targeted sentinel animals, which naturally respond to threats by fleeing and changing herd topology. We analyzed human-evasive movement patterns of 135 mammalian savanna herbivores of four different species, using an internet-of-things architecture with wearable sensors, wireless data transmission and machine learning algorithms. We show that the presence of human intruders can be accurately detected (86.1% accuracy) and localized (less than 500m error in 54.2% of the experimentally staged intrusions) by algorithmically identifying characteristic changes in sentinel movement. These behavioral signatures include, among others, an increase in movement speed, energy expenditure, body acceleration, directional persistence and herd coherence, and a decrease in suitability of selected habitat. The key to successful identification of these signatures lies in identifying systematic deviations from normal behavior under similar conditions, such as season, time of day and habitat. We also show that the indirect costs of predation are not limited to vigilance, but also include 1) long, high-speed flights; 2) energetically costly flight paths; and 3) suboptimal habitat selection during flights. The combination of wireless biologging, predictive analytics and sentinel animal behavior can benefit wildlife conservation via early poacher detection, but also solve challenges related to surveillance, safety and health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely poacher detection and localization using sentinel animal movement

Knegt

Eikelboom

Langevelde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…There are also reports of dogs being used to predict aggressive outbursts in psychiatric patients using vision and olfaction. However, although their accuracy in detecting upcoming aggression attacks was 100%, the dogs were not always able to point out a particular patient [ 159 ]. What this type of study shows is a proof-of-concept that dogs can work with a large group of unfamiliar people and be able to detect, among those people, unifying and universal scents or other criteria-meeting stimuli.…”

Section: Recognition Of the Physiological State By Olfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications

Kokocińska

Woszczyło

Zybala

et al. 2021

Animals

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Olfaction in dogs is crucial for gathering important information about the environment, recognizing individuals, making decisions, and learning. It is far more specialized and sensitive than humans’ sense of smell. Using the strength of dogs’ sense of smell, humans work with dogs for the recognition of different odors, with a precision far exceeding the analytical capabilities of most modern instruments. Due to their extremely sensitive sense of smell, dogs could be used as modern, super-sensitive mobile area scanners, detecting specific chemical signals in real time in various environments outside the laboratory, and then tracking the odor of dynamic targets to their source, also in crowded places. Recent studies show that dogs can detect not only specific scents of drugs or explosives, but also changes in emotions as well as in human cell metabolism during various illnesses, including COVID-19 infection. Here, we provide an overview of canine olfaction, discussing aspects connected with anatomy, physiology, behavioral aspects of sniffing, and factors influencing the olfactory abilities of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

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“…Using animal sentinels as a lens to the environment is in itself not new, as they have long been employed to detect human exposure to biological and chemical hazards (e.g., canaries in coal mines) (Rabinowitz et al, 2008;Reif, 2011), and more recently to detect the onset of natural disasters (Wikelski et al, 2020;Woith et al, 2018), epileptic seizures (Catala et al, 2019) or outbursts of violence (Bakeman et al, 2019). Elucidating the hitherto hidden information in the behavior of animals with cutting-edge technology can help us gauge the conditions of life on Earth (Wikelski & Tertitski, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel animals : Enriching artificial intelligence with wildlife ecology to guard rhinos

Eikelboom

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The survival of both African rhinoceros species is under threat due to large-scale poaching. The pressure that poaching currently exerts on rhino populations is too large to solely wait for long-term conservation strategies, e.g., demand and corruption reduction campaigns, to take effect. Consequently, protection efforts aimed at the short-term survival of the rhino species seem to be urgently needed. Unfortunately, current rhino protection efforts fail to prevent large rhino population declines as conservation officers often fail to localize poachers before they can kill a rhino. Therefore I aimed to develop a poacher early warning system that provides conservation officers with more situational awareness, which can therefore decrease the risk of shootouts between poachers and conservation officers.For this task I focused on developing a "sentinel-based poacher early warning system", for which I envision nature reserves where abundant prey animals are tracked and where the movement responses of these animals are automatically used to detect the presence and infer the location of poachers. Hence the term: "sentinel", as the animals themselves will take the role of game wardens. The benefit of such a system is that it could be working at all times and is not limited solely to rhino poachers. Apart from the obvious wildlife conservation challenge this thesis poses, it also tackles a major scientific challenge: to be able to detect abrupt changes in an environmental variable based on animal movement. In order to solve this challenge, a myriad of environmental and animal movement variables needed to be considered in interaction in a single model. This premise lead me to the use of a non-traditional statistical approach for wildlife ecologists: artificial intelligence.This thesis brings together a number of coherent papers about wildlife conservation, movement ecology and artificial intelligence, aimed at investigating the necessity, analytics and applicability of a sentinel-based poacher early warning system. In Chapter 2 I critically evaluated whether rhino protection efforts aimed at the short-term survival of the species are actually needed. I examined this by investigating if legal international rhino horn

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Detection of Impending Aggressive Outbursts in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders: Violence Clues from Dogs

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Timely poacher detection and localization using sentinel animal movement

Timely poacher detection and localization using sentinel animal movement

Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications

Sentinel animals : Enriching artificial intelligence with wildlife ecology to guard rhinos

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