Detection of IgG Anti-Leishmania Antigen by Flow Cytometry as a Diagnostic Test for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Pedral-Sampaio, Geraldo; Alves, Jessé S.; Schriefer, Albert; Magalhães, Ana Paula Nogueira de; Meyer, Roberto; Glesby, Marshall J.; Carvalho, Edgar M.; Carvalho, Lucas P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162793

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Finally, the metaanalysis of the two studies that conducted diagnostics using cytometry showed a pooled specificity value of 0.95 and the two studies that used MIR showed a combined specificity value of 0.64. It is worth mentioning, however, that specificity of cytometry was 0% in the study conducted by Pedral-Sampaio et al [35], when individuals with Chagas' disease were used in the reference standard. Culture, PCR, ELISA (reference, healthy individuals), MIR and smear slide had low visual heterogeneities.…”

Section: Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Accuracy of diagnostic tests for American tegumentary leishmaniasis: a systematic literature review with meta‐analyses

Pena

Belo

Xavier‐Júnior

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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objectives To analyse the accuracy of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) diagnostic methods and evaluate the quality of the existing publications by means of a systematic review. methods Diagnostic tests evaluated in at least two studies with common reference standards were included in the sensitivity and/or specificity meta-analyses. Quality and susceptibility to bias were analysed using the QUADAS-2 and STARD tools. results The title and abstract of 3387 publications were evaluated after deduplication resulting from database searches. Thirty-eight studies were included in the review, and 26 of them had results inserted in meta-analyses. The diagnostic methods with the highest pooled sensitivity values were ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indirect immunofluorescence reaction and Montenegro's intradermal reaction. Cytometry was assessed in only two studies and presented 100% sensitivity in both. Smear slide microscopy and histopathology showed low pooled values of sensitivity. For specificity, the highest pooled values were identified for PCR. High values were also identified for ELISA, except for studies in which the reference standard for defining negative participants included individuals with Chagas' disease or paracoccidioidomycosis, which also occurred for cytometry. IFR had lower specificities than ELISA. There was a predominance of case-control designs of phase 1 or 2 and only four studies were strongly recommended as evidence generators. Several reference standards were adopted, and different methods were assessed in a small number of studies. conclusion PCR showed the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of ATL, and its use should be encouraged in clinical practice. ELISA is recommended for the screening of suspected individuals, but the possibility of cross-reactions should be considered. New validation studies for the tests evaluated in few publications and studies of phase 3 with appropriate methods are needed.

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Section: Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Accuracy of diagnostic tests for American tegumentary leishmaniasis: a systematic literature review with meta‐analyses

Pena

Belo

Xavier‐Júnior

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Diagnosis is difficult because of the protean symptoms and the different species of Leishmania involved. Clinical presentation, isolation of the parasite, characteristic histopathological findings, and a positive Montenegro skin test all help establish the diagnosis; however, low parasite burden in the lesions often leads to false‐negative results …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical presentation, isolation of the parasite, characteristic histopathological findings, and a positive Montenegro skin test all help establish the diagnosis; however, low parasite burden in the lesions often leads to false-negative results. 8 Several treatment strategies for cutaneous leishmaniosis have been reported. 9 This suggests that no single optimal therapy has been identified, and, indeed, considerable variation exists in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis coinfection: a case report

Gregorio

Vasconcellos

Enokihara

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background The polymorphic clinical presentations of schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis allow their inclusion in the differential diagnoses of several conditions. Although an overlap in distribution of these diseases has been reported in endemic areas, coinfection with cutaneous schistosomiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the same patient is rare. Objectives We report an unusual case of concomitant cutaneous schistosomiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Actions for the management and diagnosis were proposed. Methods A patient presented with cutaneous lesions on the abdomen and left elbow. The presence of degenerated ova of Schistosoma mansoni in the skin biopsy led to perform a complementary investigation with immunohistochemical techniques, rectal biopsy and abdominal ultrasonography. After the left elbow lesions had failed to improve after several weeks of standard treatment, a new biopsy was performed and led to diagnosis of another infection. Results The patient lived in an endemic area for two infectious diseases (schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis). Biopsies revealed chronic granulomatous dermatitis. Degenerated S. mansoni eggs were found in the abdominal lesion and in a rectal biopsy specimen. Ultrasonography revealed hepatic involvement. Despite combination treatment with oxamniquine and praziquantel, a cutaneous lesion persisted on the left elbow; a new biopsy revealed amastigote forms of Leishmania. The patient was successfully treated with intramuscular and intralesional meglumine antimoniate. Conclusions The presence of a similar granulomatous infiltrate in lesions caused by the two different infectious agents led to a delay in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This report serves as a warning of the unusual possibility of cutaneous schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis coinfection in an endemic area.

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“…It is a serological technique using polystyrene microspheres sensitized with soluble Leishmania antigens as a tool for the detection of IgG in serum. Flow cytometry technique is more sensitive than the ELISA, but less specific 98 . Flow cytometry serological tests can be used to confirm VL.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Visceral Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

A spotlight on the diagnostic methods of a fatal disease Visceral Leishmaniasis

Kumar

Pandey

Samant

2020

Parasite Immunology

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Leishmania donovani (a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis) poses a serious health threat to the human population which is fatal if left untreated. The life cycle of Leishmania alternates between vertebrate host and Phlebotomine fly as intermediate ones. Due to the difficulties linked to vector (sandfly) control and the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of leishmaniasis relies mostly on chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prevalence of parasites becoming resistant to the first‐line drug pentavalent antimonial (SbV)/sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) and some other anti‐leishmanial drug is increasing in several parts of the world. With the alarming rise of drug resistance and other issues related to VL, there is an urgent need to focus on early detection and quick diagnosis of VL case. Therefore, we have reviewed most of the methods used in the diagnostic process of VL. Along with existing diagnostic methods, developing more effective and sensitive diagnostic methods and biomarkers is also vital for enhancing VL identification and control programs. This review gathers the comprehensive information on diagnostics methods of VL under a single umbrella that could be the prominent tools for the development of rapid, accurate and cost‐effective diagnostic kits for VL which can be used in field conditions.

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Detection of IgG Anti-Leishmania Antigen by Flow Cytometry as a Diagnostic Test for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Accuracy of diagnostic tests for American tegumentary leishmaniasis: a systematic literature review with meta‐analyses

Accuracy of diagnostic tests for American tegumentary leishmaniasis: a systematic literature review with meta‐analyses

Cutaneous schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis coinfection: a case report

A spotlight on the diagnostic methods of a fatal disease Visceral Leishmaniasis

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