Detection of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in porcine oral fluid samples: a longitudinal study under experimental conditions

Abstract

Abstract. Isolation of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from oral fluids was first reported in 1997. The objective of the present study was to determine whether PRRSV and/or anti-PRRSV antibodies were present in oral fluids at diagnostic levels. The level and duration of PRRSV and anti-PRRSV antibodies in serum and oral fluids was evaluated in 3 age groups of pigs (4, 8, or 12 weeks of age) inoculated with a type 2 (North American) PRRSV isolate. Serum, buccal swabs, and pen-based oral fluid samples were collected for 63 days following inoculation. Specimens were assayed for PRRSV by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and for anti-PRRSV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was detected by real-time qRT-PCR in serum for approximately 5 weeks and in oral fluids for approximately 4 weeks postinoculation. Pig age at the time of inoculation had no effect on the quantity or duration of virus in oral fluid samples. Low levels of anti-PRRSV antibody were detected in oral fluid samples by ELISA and IFAT. Although the approach remains to be validated in the field, the results of this experiment suggest that pen-based oral fluid sampling could be an efficient, costeffective approach to PRRSV surveillance in swine populations.

Diagnosis of the Lelystad strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in individually housed pigs: comparison between serum and oral fluid samples for viral nucleic acid and antibody detection

“…28 PRRSV infection passes often unnoticed because many animals do not show clinical signs, and infection may only be detected during diagnosis by the presence of viral nucleic acids or anti-PRRSV antibodies in serum samples. 6 Oral fluid collected with a rope has been described as an alternative diagnostic sample for PRRSV detection 22 and has the advantages that it is less intrusive than blood sampling and that samples can be collected at group level from pigs that are housed in pens. Therefore most studies have focused on pen-based oral fluid samples, and only a few of the studies systematically compared the diagnostic sensitivity in serum samples versus oral fluid samples.…”

Detection of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction

“…Available from: http://nationalhogfarmer.com/health-diseases/disease-prevention/oral-fluid-collection-enhances-testing-0915). 2,9,[14][15][16][17]19 In 2013, studies reported the experimental detection of FMDV genome or ASF virus (ASFV) antibody in swine OF samples. 13,24 Specifically, OF is defined as the fluid in the oral cavity collected by use of an absorptive device.…”

Establishment of a quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from pigs

“…Collection of sputum using cotton ropes is a commonly used procedure for detection of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and other infectious agents. 16 The establishment of a quantitative real-time (q)PCR to detect porcine Pneumocystis in BALF and oral fluid provides a promising opportunity to obtain information about the presence of the fungus in pig production units and was the central aim of the present study.…”