Detection of <i>Peumocystis carinii</i> f, sp. in Air Samples Collected in Animal Rooms

Latouche, Sophie; Olsson, Mats Joakim Robert; Polack, Bruno; Brun-Pascaud, Monique; Bernard, Chantal; Roux, Patricia

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05768.x

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our results confirm previous animal experiments showing P. carinii DNA in the air surrounding infected rats (21,29) and by the matching in genotypes between rodents and the air (12). In addition, our results also support a recent hospital study suggesting a risk of nosocomial transmission of P. carinii hominis in a hospital environment (2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Air samples were collected from different hospital environments: seven PCP patient rooms (six in the Swedish hospitals and one in the Parisian hospital) and four ward corridors adjacent to the PCP patient rooms ( Table 1). The filters in the cassettes and the air pumps were used as described previously (12,21). For practical reasons, the air filtrations in PCP patient rooms and the corresponding corridors started 12 to 24 h after initiation of antipneumocystis treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis Gene Sequences in Filtered Air in Hospital Environments

Olsson

Lidman²,

Latouche

et al. 1998

J Clin Microbiol

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To evaluate the risk of a nosocomial spread of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (P. carinii hominis), air filter samples from rooms of P. cariniipneumonia (PCP) patients, adjacent corridors, and other hospital environments have been investigated for the presence of P. carinii hominis. Amplified DNA from air filters and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the PCP patients have been genotyped with the P. carinii hominis genes of the mitochondrial large-subunit (mtLSU) rRNA and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the rRNA. Genotypes of the two loci were identified by direct sequencing, and for site 85 of the mtLSU locus, three allele-specific PCR assays were used. P. carinii hominis DNA was identified in the air of five of seven PCP patient rooms and in the air of two of four air filtrations from the ward corridors. The P. carinii hominis genotypes were the same in four of the five room air samples as those in the corresponding patients, suggesting a risk of person-to-person transmission ofP. carinii hominis from PCP patients. Three of 16 air samples collected in infectious disease wards without the presence of PCP patients and one sample from a cardiology unit in a separate hospital building were also positive, which further strengthens the possibility of acquisition of P. carinii hominis from the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis Gene Sequences in Filtered Air in Hospital Environments

Olsson

Lidman²,

Latouche

et al. 1998

J Clin Microbiol

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“…In the same study and another six studies (400-405), indoor air was also collected from animal facilities housing Pneumocystis-infected rats or rabbits, and Pneumocystis DNA was identified by PCR in all these studies. Two of these studies compared the genotypes found in air samples and infected-animal lung samples and found identical genotypes (402,405). One study reported the detection of Pneumocystis DNA in air samples from zoological parks for monkeys, with identical sequences seen between air samples and infected-monkey lung samples (108).…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

2018

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, a unique atypical fungus with an elusive lifestyle, has had an important medical history. It came to prominence as an opportunistic pathogen that not only can cause life-threatening pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and other immunodeficiencies but also can colonize the lungs of healthy individuals from a very early age. The genus includes a group of closely related but heterogeneous organisms that have a worldwide distribution, have been detected in multiple mammalian species, are highly host species specific, inhabit the lungs almost exclusively, and have never convincingly been cultured, making a fascinating but difficult-to-study organism. Improved molecular biologic methodologies have opened a new window into the biology and epidemiology of. Advances include an improved taxonomic classification, identification of an extremely reduced genome and concomitant inability to metabolize and grow independent of the host lungs, insights into its transmission mode, recognition of its widespread colonization in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts, and utilization of strain variation to study drug resistance, epidemiology, and outbreaks of infection among transplant patients. This review summarizes these advances and also identifies some major questions and challenges that need to be addressed to better understand biology and its relevance to clinical care.

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“…On the contrary, the transmission of Pneumocystis has long been understood to be between individuals via air from experiments performed in immunocompromised rats or nude mice 27, 28 with Pneumocystis DNA detected in the surrounding air of infected immunosuppressed or immunocompetent animals 29– 31 . The same evidence has also been found in humans with the observation of P. jirovecii DNA detection in the surrounding air of patients or healthcare workers harboring P. jirovecii in their respiratory tract 32– 35 , making airborne transmission the most likely route of acquisition in humans.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in asymptomatic patients: what does its natural history tell us?

Alanio

Bretagne

2017

F1000Res

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Pneumocystis jirovecii is an unusual ascomycetous fungus that can be detected in the lungs of healthy individuals. Transmission from human to human is one of its main characteristics in comparison with other fungi responsible for invasive infections. P. jirovecii is transmitted through the air between healthy individuals, who are considered to be the natural reservoir, at least transiently. In immunocompromised patients, P. jirovecii multiplies, leading to subacute infections and acute life-threatening pneumonia, called Pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP]. PCP is caused by genotypically distinct mixtures of organisms in more than 90% of cases, reinforcing the hypothesis that there is constant inhalation of P. jirovecii from different contacts over time, although reactivation of latent organisms from previous exposures may be possible. Detection of P. jirovecii DNA without any symptoms or related radiological signs has been called “colonization”. This situation could be considered as the result of recent exposure to P. jirovecii that could evolve towards PCP, raising the issue of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for at-risk quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive immunocompromised patients. The more accurate way to diagnose PCP is the use of real-time quantitative PCR, which prevents amplicon contamination and allows determination of the fungal load that is mandatory to interpret the qPCR results and manage the patient appropriately. The detection of P. jirovecii in respiratory samples of immunocompromised patients should be considered for potential risk of developing PCP. Many challenges still need to be addressed, including a better description of transmission, characterization of organisms present at low level, and prevention of environmental exposure during immunodepression.

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Detection of Peumocystis carinii f, sp. in Air Samples Collected in Animal Rooms

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Identification of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis Gene Sequences in Filtered Air in Hospital Environments

Identification of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis Gene Sequences in Filtered Air in Hospital Environments

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in asymptomatic patients: what does its natural history tell us?

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