Detection of<i>Onchocerca volvulus</i>DNA in pools of wild-caught<i>Simulium ochraceum</i>by use of the polymerase chain reaction

Davies, John B.; Oskam, Linda; Lujan, Ricardo; Schoone, G. J.; Kroon, Carla; López-Martinez, Luis A.; Paniagua-Alvarez, Aura J.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1998.11813293

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…PCR-based assays increasing sensitivity were subsequently developed to detect B. malayi (Lizotte et al, 1994), W. bancrofti (Zhong et al, 1996) and O. volvulus (Meredith et al, 1991) in blood, W. bancrofti in sputum (Abbasi et al, 1996), M. ozzardi (Morales-Hojas et al, 2001 and O. volvulus in skin biopsies (Toe et al, 1998;Zimmerman et al, 1994;Morales-Hojas et al, 2001), W. bancrofti (Chanteau et al, 1994;Nicolas et al, 1996) and O. volvulus (Oskam et al, 1996;Davies et al, 1998) in mosquito intermediate hosts and D. repens in histological sections (Rivasi et al, 2006). Although PCR enables increased sensitivity, concerns about the sensitivity and especially the portability of methods to visualise PCR products led to the development of probe-hybridisation based (Abbasi et al, 1996;Toure et al, 1997;Rodriguez-Perez et al, 1999;Dissanayake et al, 2000;Vasuki et al, 2001), ELISA based (PCR-ELISA - Nutman et al, 1994) and chromatography based test strips (Huang et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2000) to replace agarose gels.…”

Section: Filarial Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of infections and resistance in veterinary and human parasites

Hunt

2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Filarial Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of infections and resistance in veterinary and human parasites

Hunt

2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Prior studies have shown that PCR with primers that amplify O-150 repeat DNA can be used to detect O. volvulus DNA in skin snips from patients with onchocerciasis and in infected Simulium flies. [11][12][13] To our knowledge, DNA detection has been successfully performed in only two laboratories in disease-endemic countries-in Ecuador and in the central laboratory of the Onchocerciasis Control Program in West Africa. Improved and simplified methods will be needed before DNA detection can be widely used in developing countries where parasitic diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper chromatography hybridization: a rapid method for detection of Onchocerca volvulus DNA amplified by PCR.

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Weil³

2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Prior studies have shown that Onchocerca volvulus DNA can be detected in skin snips and in black flies after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for repeated ''O-150'' DNA sequences. We have adapted a paper chromatography hybridization assay (PCHA) to detect amplified O-150 DNA and compared this method to two established methods, namely agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and hybridization enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The minimum amounts of purified O-150 DNA detected by PCHA, AGE, and ELISA were 5, 10, and 2 ng, respectively. The three methods had similar estimated sensitivities for detecting O. volvulus DNA amplified from skin snips from African subjects with onchocerciasis (88%, 84%, and 91%, respectively). No false positive results were observed with skin snips from uninfected control subjects. The paper chromatography hybridization assay detects PCR products in 30 minutes without electricity or special equipment. This technology brings DNA detection a step closer to widespread use in field settings.

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“…The host-seeking specimens were captured upon alighting and before beginning to feed on the collectors. To ensure that none of the captured flies had been able to ingest microfilariae from the collector, all flies showing evidence of recent blood meal were discarded (Davies et al 1998). The flies collected were preserved in absolute ethanol (Post et al 1993) until processed for DNA recovery in pools of 50 insects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Onchocerca volvulus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) infection in vectors from Amazonian Brazil following mass Mectizan™ distribution

Marchon-Silva

Caër

Post

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2000) more than 120 million people, worldwide, live under risk of acquiring onchocerciasis and 18 million are infected. One third of those infected manifest dermatitis and 500,000 present serious visual problems with approximately 1% developing blindness. Indeed, 270,000 individuals are blind from this etiology worldwide. This disease is caused by infection with Onchocerca volvulus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) and is endemic to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Latin America, where it occurs in parts of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Venezuela. In Brazil, the only known active focus of the disease is located in the Amazonian region, and extends across the border to form the southern focus of Venezuela. It corresponds to more or less the whole territory of the Yanomami in the northwest of the state of Roraima and central north of the state of Amazonas (Shelley 1991(Shelley , 2002, exposing 13,767 indians to the infection (Funasa 2002).In the New World the control program has been sponsored by the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA). This program has as its main strategy the elimination of the disease through the semi-annually distribution of the ivermectin (Mectizan™) for 10 to 15 years to the population at risk (Blanks et al. 1998). This approach has been demonstrated to result in a decrease of microfilariae rates in the skin which gives immediate clinical benefit and reduces the possibility of infecting new vectors which is expected to reduce or eliminate transmission (Greene et al. 1989, Duke 1990.In simuliids, the classic parasitological method for the parasite detection (by dissection and examination of vectors) is unsuitable for high throughput analysis because it is time consuming and requires high levels of training, for example it requires the accurate morphological identification of the larvae.Since the 1990s, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of an Onchocerca-specific repeated DNA sequence (O-150) has been used to detect and identify O. volvulus (Meredith et al. 1991, 1994, Zimmerman et al. 1992, Fischer et al. 1996, Merriweather & Unnasch 1996, Unnasch & Meredith 1996. However, in populations of vectors with a low prevalence of infection (as would be expected during an onchocerciasis control program using ivermectin, for example) large numbers of flies would have to be processed to obtain an accurate estimate of infection, which would be timeconsuming and expensive. However, the O-150 PCR has proved to have a high analytical sensitivity, being able to detect a single infected fly in pools containing up to 100 flies (Katholi et al. 1995). Therefore, a statistical model has been developed by Katholi et al. (1995) to determine the prevalence of infection in the simuliid population, based on the prevalence of infection in pools of vectors, and it has been demonstrated that this method reveals a prevalence of infected flies statistically similar to the rates obtained by traditional entomological dissect...

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Detection ofOnchocerca volvulusDNA in pools of wild-caughtSimulium ochraceumby use of the polymerase chain reaction

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Molecular diagnosis of infections and resistance in veterinary and human parasites

Molecular diagnosis of infections and resistance in veterinary and human parasites

Paper chromatography hybridization: a rapid method for detection of Onchocerca volvulus DNA amplified by PCR.

Detection of Onchocerca volvulus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) infection in vectors from Amazonian Brazil following mass Mectizan™ distribution

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