Detection of Enterovirus, Herpes Simplex, Varicella Zoster, Epstein‐Barr and Cytomegalovirus in cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis patients in Iran

Tavakolian, Shaian; Goudarzi, Hossein; Eslami, Gita; Darazam, Ilad Alavi; Dehghan, Golnaz; Faghihloo, Ebrahim

doi:10.1002/jcla.23836

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In a study conducted in the East of the Caspian Sea, Iran, out of 45 CSF samples of children suspected of having meningitis, 4 cases were positive, all of which were HSV-1 , the predominant type of this virus in that area ( 24 ). In another study, On CSF samples of suspected meningitis patients, the PCR test for HSV-1 was positive along with VZV and EBV, and HSV-1 was considered the main cause of this disease ( 25 ). The results of this study are consistent with the results of other mentioned studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 infections among suspected children of encephalitis in Kermanshah, Iran

Fakhredini¹,

Soleimanjahi²,

Bamdad³

2023

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Various infectious and non-infectious factors can cause encephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS), the most important of which are viruses. Herpes viruses are one of the most important causes of encephalitis worldwide. PCR detected the virus on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample. The aim of this study was to set up an in-house PCR to identify herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and determine the prevalence of these viruses in suspected children of encephalitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 suspected children with encephalitis cases re- ferred to Dr. Kermanshahi Children Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, from April to March 2021. CSF samples were extracted using a viral extraction kit, and a PCR was performed. The level of glucose and total protein of the samples was measured. Results: The total prevalence of HSV was 16.25%. 17 samples were positive for HSV-1 (10.6%), and 9 samples for HSV-2 (5.6%). There was a significant correlation between glucose, total protein, and HSV PCR positive, but no significant correlation between age and HSV PCR positive results. Conclusion: Rapid diagnosis of a virus may reduce the hospitalization rate and the use of unnecessary therapies and crease mortality, morbidity, and disability in children. Results in this study show that the distribution of HSV types in children with encephalitis predominantly was type 1 compared with type 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 infections among suspected children of encephalitis in Kermanshah, Iran

Fakhredini¹,

Soleimanjahi²,

Bamdad³

2023

IJM

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“…Viral etiologies are leading cause of the CNS infections including meningitis and encephalitis worldwide [17]. A wide range of viral agents including HSV, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV6 and EV have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid viral etiology of patients with suspected central nervous system infections during the COVID-19 outbreak

Aliabadi

Marandi

Hamzavi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: Although viral etiology of central nervous system (CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis are investigated widely worldwide, it remains to be declared under the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the etiology of viral CNS infections in patients hospitalized in a single referral hospital during the outbreak in Iran. Methods: We retrospectively collected the CSF samples and reviewed the medical records of patients hospitalized with suspected viral CNS infection in Shiraz, a large city in southern Iran, from April 2021 to May 2022. One hundred sixty-six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested primarily for detection of HSV 1 and 2 and were retrospectively analyzed by primers PCR targeted to coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), human herpesviruses 1 to 6 (HHV-1 to -6), polyomaviruses JC, and enteroviruses (EV). Results: Of the total CSF samples analyzed by PCR, 22 (13.3%) were positive for only one viral pathogen, and just one (0.6%) sample was detected with multiple viruses (HSV-1 and CMV). The SARS-COV-2 (n=6) was the second most common viral etiology just after Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) 6.6% (11 cases). Other detected viruses were CMV for 1.8% (3), VZV for 1.2 % (2), and JC for 0.6% (1) of the cases. Conclusion: According to the above, the spread of SARS-COV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside HSV-1, CMV, and VZV in Iran, was significant. As a result, it can play an essential role in development of CNS-related diseases, which required urgent diagnosis and treatment.

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The nervous system and associated disorders

Teixeira

2024

Br J Nurs

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Disorders of the nervous system, encompassing the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, have emerged as a significant public health issue, with profound implications for individuals worldwide. These conditions result in significant morbidity and mortality. Many patients with neurological disorders often have comorbidities, further complicating their clinical presentation. Therefore, nurses must possess a comprehensive understanding of the nervous system and its associated disorders to formulate detailed care plans that address the unique needs of each patient. This article aims to explore the underlying pathophysiology of some of the most prevalent neurological disorders and how this informs effective patient assessment and diagnostic strategies. A further article will build on this to consider patient assessment and formulating a care plan in more detail.

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Detection of Enterovirus, Herpes Simplex, Varicella Zoster, Epstein‐Barr and Cytomegalovirus in cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis patients in Iran

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 infections among suspected children of encephalitis in Kermanshah, Iran

Prevalence of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 infections among suspected children of encephalitis in Kermanshah, Iran

Cerebrospinal fluid viral etiology of patients with suspected central nervous system infections during the COVID-19 outbreak

The nervous system and associated disorders

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