Detection of hybrids between introduced Torymus sinensis and native T. beneficus (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) in central Japan, sing malic enzyme.

Biological Control of the Invasive Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) - an Overview and the First Trials in Croatia

“…Till now, the only reported case of T. sinensis hybridization is with the native T. beneficus in Japan: T. sinensis and T. beneficus were successfully crossed in the laboratory to produce fertile hybrid females [39]. Hybrids were also detected in the field and their hybrid origin proved with molecular markers [40].…”

Parasitoid Recruitment to the Globally Invasive Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus

“…T. beneficus also illustrates another form of interaction between native cynipid communities and D. kuriphilus, through its formation of fertile hybrids with introduced T. sinensis (Moriya et al , 2002. Individuals morphologically intermediate between Torymus sinensis and T. beneficus appeared in the field Yara et al 2000), and their hybrid origin proven using molecular markers (Izawa et al 1992;Toda et al 2000;Yara, 2004;2006;Yara et al 2000).…”

“…These key issues require detailed quantitative monitoring of parasitoid populations on native hosts and on D. kuriphilus, ideally using quantified web approaches (e.g. , and the deployment of genetic approaches to analyze parasitoid population structure (Hayward and Stone 2006, Yara et al 2000, Yara 2004, 2006. Finally, release of T. sinensis could have a range of potential impacts.…”

Discrimination of Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and T. beneficus Yasumatsu et Kamijo and their hybrids by allele-specific PCR

“…Some molecular markers have been proposed as a means of partially discriminating these parasitoids [malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40): Izawa et al, 1992, 1996; the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA): Yara, 2006; cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Yara et al, 2007]. Using these markers, several authors have studied the interaction (displacement, hybridization) between T. sinensis and the early-spring strain of T. beneficus (Izawa et al, 1996;Toda et al, 2000;Yara et al, 2000Yara et al, , 2007; however, no molecular markers are available to discriminate between T. sinensis, the late-spring strain of T. beneficus, and their F 1 hybrids. Thus, little is known about the interactions, especially hybridization, between T. sinensis and the late-spring strain of T. beneficus, although the possibility has been suggested (Moriya et al, 1992;Yara et al, 2000).…”

“…Using these markers, several authors have studied the interaction (displacement, hybridization) between T. sinensis and the early-spring strain of T. beneficus (Izawa et al, 1996;Toda et al, 2000;Yara et al, 2000Yara et al, , 2007; however, no molecular markers are available to discriminate between T. sinensis, the late-spring strain of T. beneficus, and their F 1 hybrids. Thus, little is known about the interactions, especially hybridization, between T. sinensis and the late-spring strain of T. beneficus, although the possibility has been suggested (Moriya et al, 1992;Yara et al, 2000).…”