Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Plucked Eyebrow Hair from HIV-Infected Patients

Abstract

abnormality in DCS. Although the function of the CLE is still unclear, a role as a necessary scaffold for the lamellar bilayer organization is likely (Uchida and Holleran, 2008). Thus, CLE deficiency, coupled with disorganization of extracellular lamellar bilayers, likely merge to provoke the barrier abnormality in NLSDI (see Supplementary Figure S2 online). Finally, to overcome this metabolic disadvantage in forming the epidermal permeability barrier, epidermal proliferation likely increases, which in turn results in hyperkeratosis, phenotypic features common to virtually all of the ichthyoses (Demerjian et al., 2006; Akiyama et al., 2008), that is, 'A compromised permeability barrier 'drives' the hyperproliferative epidermis in NLSDI and other ichthyoses' (Elias et al., 2008).

Prevalence of human Papillomavirus DNA in eyebrow hairs plucked from patients with psoriasis treated with TNF inhibitors

“…Although different procedures have been used for assessing the HPV DNA prevalence in human skin, including swab samples and plucked hairs, plucked eyebrow hairs are the most used. 5,[12][13][14] As expected, b-HPV types were predominant. Among b-HPV types, HPV 38, 5, 24, 17, 12, 23 and 37 were harboured by more than 15% of patients irrespective of the treatment used.…”

“…We may suggest that anti‐TNF‐α treatment was not immunosuppressive enough to promote cutaneous HPV infection. However, previous studies found that cutaneous HPV DNA persistence was not significantly associated with immunosuppressive treatment (renal transplant recipients) . We cannot exclude that long‐term treatment with TNF inhibitors might be associated with modification in HPV DNA prevalence.…”

“…Previous studies demonstrated that immunosuppressed individuals (renal transplant recipients and HIV-infected patients) are infected with a greater number of HPV types than immunocompetent subjects. 4,12 In a recent study, de Koning et al 13 found similar prevalence of b-HPV infection and number of HPV types in eyebrow hairs from both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients (renal transplant recipients) collected in six countries of different latitudes. We do not have a clear explanation of the lack of influence of the duration of treatment with TNF antagonists on HPV DNA detection.…”

“…The prevalence and the distribution of β‐HPV types in the general population without any skin lesion are not known. Previous studies demonstrated that immunosuppressed individuals (renal transplant recipients and HIV‐infected patients) are infected with a greater number of HPV types than immunocompetent subjects . In a recent study, de Koning et al .…”

“…Our study confirms the high overall prevalence of HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs follicles from psoriasis patients with no significant difference between patients treated with TNF inhibitors or MTX and untreated patients. Although different procedures have been used for assessing the HPV DNA prevalence in human skin, including swab samples and plucked hairs, plucked eyebrow hairs are the most used …”