“…In situ hybridization for HPV E6/E7 mRNA was performed manually using the RNAscope kit (Advanced Cell Diagnostics Inc., Hayward, CA, USA). The HPV HR (18) probe containing a cocktail of 18 high-risk HPV genotypes (16,18,26,31,33,35,39,45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82) was used for HPV detection. A probe to the housekeeping gene PPiB (Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B) was used as a positive control to ensure presence of an intact RNA target in the specimen, and a known HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma included on the TMA to serve as a positive control (Fig.…”