Detection of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA Sequences in Tissues and Bodily Fluids

LaDuca, Jeffrey R.; Love, Jayne L.; Abbott, Lynn; Dube, Syamalima; Freidman-Kien, Alvin E.; Poiesz, Bernard J.

doi:10.1086/314514

Cited by 104 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…KSHV DNA has consistently been detected in KS tissues and the viral copy numbers in these tissues are usually high. 24 Other tissues and body fluids in which KSHV DNA has been detected include saliva, semen, skin, cervical secretions and PBMC. 24 -26 KSHV DNA is more easily detected in the bodily fluids of individuals with KS than in those without KS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

et al. 2001

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Little is presently known about the specific routes of transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). To investigate whether this agent might be transmitted vertically from mother to infant, we conducted a study on 89 KSHV seropositive mothers and their newborn infants. Thirteen mothers (14.6%) had KSHV DNA detected in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Two of 89 samples drawn at birth from infants born to KSHV seropositive mothers had KSHV DNA detectable within their PBMC. These findings suggest that KSHV can be transmitted perinatally, but infrequently. Other routes of transmission such as horizontal transmission remain the most likely means of KSHV transmission. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: KSHV; HHV-8; vertical transmissionKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a recently isolated gamma herpesvirus 1 that has been found in all forms of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), 2 and is now thought to play an important role in the development of this tumor. 3 Current knowledge about the routes of transmission of KSHV is limited. Serological evidence has suggested that there may be several routes of KSHV transmission, including sexual contact, as well as nonsexual contact via saliva. 4 -7 In Africa, cross-sectional serological studies of children in different age groups have shown that infection with KSHV begins during early childhood and its frequency increases with age. 8 -12 This suggests that non-sexual modes of transmission of the virus may be occurring in Africa. The role of vertical transmission of this virus remains poorly understood. Some studies have reported serological data disputing the occurrence of vertical transmission of KSHV 13,14 whereas others have presented contrasting serological data suggesting that vertical transmission does occur. 15,16 A case report of KS in a 6-day-old child 17 strongly suggests that KSHV may indeed be transmitted from a mother to her infant in utero. In our study, we present evidence showing that KSHV can be transmitted vertically from mother to infant. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patient recruitmentA subgroup of 89 KSHV seropositive women and their infants were selected from a cohort of over 2,000 mothers participating in a prospective study at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. In this cohort, pregnant women in the early stages of labor were recruited for the study at the time of admission to the labor ward of the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia. Women who were in active labor or who had more than 5 cm cervical dilation were not recruited. Before giving written consent to participate in the study, the women were informed about the purpose of the study and counseled on HIV and KSHV. All women were enrolled before giving birth and their newborns were enrolled immediately after delivery. In case of a multiple delivery, only the first sibling was enrolled into the study. Sample collectionMaternal and infant blood was collected by venipuncture into acid citrate dextrose tubes and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 -26 KSHV DNA is more easily detected in the bodily fluids of individuals with KS than in those without KS. 24 This may be due to lower copy numbers of KSHV DNA in individuals without KS. In our study, we detected KSHV DNA in the PBMC of approximately 15% of the mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

et al. 2001

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“…However, it is generally accepted that the virus can be detected in the semen of KS-positive patients. A recent study detected HHV-8 DNA in 12% of semen samples from KS patients, with a mean copy number per microgram of positive target DNA of 300, versus 9,000 in blood cells (182). Significant amounts of HHV-8 DNA were also detected in semen samples from 28 HIV-1-infected individuals and were shown to infect the mononuclear cell fraction (45).…”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Typementioning

confidence: 98%

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Dejucq

Jégou

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

287

220

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This review describes the various viruses identified in the semen and reproductive tracts of mammals (including humans), their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets, and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The consequences of these viral infections on the reproductive tract and semen can be extremely serious in terms of organ integrity, development of pathological and cancerous processes, and transmission of diseases. Furthermore, of essential importance is the fact that viral infection of the testicular cells may result not only in changes in testicular function, a serious risk for the fertility and general health of the individual (such as a fall in testosteronemia leading to cachexia), but also in the possible transmission of virus-induced mutations to subsequent generations. In addition to providing an exhaustive account of the data available in these domains, this review focuses attention on the fact that the interface between endocrinology and virology has so far been poorly explored, particularly when major health, social and economical problems are posed. Our conclusions highlight the research strategies that need to be developed. Progress in all these domains is essential for the development of new treatment strategies to eradicate viruses and to correct the virus-induced dysfunction of the endocrine system

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“…In clinical samples, viral copy number is highest in affected skin, followed by saliva and PBMC (277), and PCR of KS lesions (among other tissues) gives the highest specificity for diagnosis (124,277). The detection of KSHV DNA in both PBMCs (277,395) and plasma suggests that both cell-associated and plasma viremia may contribute to viral dissemination. However, one study detected KSHV DNA unanimously in the plasma of all 14 participants but in the PBMCs of only 1 donor, suggesting that plasma viremia is a better indicator of active replication (498).…”

Section: Clinical Detection Of Kshv and Estimates Of Infection In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Dourmishev

Palmeri

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

309

367

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Kaposi's sarcoma had been recognized as unique human cancer for a century before it manifested as an AIDS-defining illness with a suspected infectious etiology. The discovery of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus-8, in 1994 by using representational difference analysis, a subtractive method previously employed for cloning differences in human genomic DNA, was a fitting harbinger for the powerful bioinformatic approaches since employed to understand its pathogenesis in KS. Indeed, the discovery of KSHV was rapidly followed by publication of its complete sequence, which revealed that the virus had coopted a wide armamentarium of human genes; in the short time since then, the functions of many of these viral gene variants in cell growth control, signaling apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation have been characterized. This critical literature review explores the pathogenic potential of these genes within the framework of current knowledge of the basic herpesvirology of KSHV, including the relationships between viral genotypic variation and the four clinicoepidemiologic forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, current viral detection methods and their utility, primary infection by KSHV, tissue culture and animal models of latent- and lytic-cycle gene expression and pathogenesis, and viral reactivation from latency. Recent advances in models of de novo endothelial infection, microarray analyses of the host response to infection, receptor identification, and cloning of full-length, infectious KSHV genomic DNA promise to reveal key molecular mechanisms of the candidate pathogeneic genes when expressed in the context of viral infection

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Detection of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA Sequences in Tissues and Bodily Fluids

Cited by 104 publications

References 19 publications

Vertical transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Vertical transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

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