Detection of human coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis

Risku, Minna; Lappalainen, Sanna; Räsänen, Sirpa; Vesikari, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.02.013

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Over the years, the four circulating HCoV have been associated with pathologies outside the respiratory tract, such as myocardites and meningitis (Riski and Hovi, 1980) and severe diarrhea (Gerna et al, 1985;Resta et al, 1985), as seen with animal coronaviruses. Recent investigations on the HCoV as enteric pathogens demonstrated that all the HCoV can be found in stool samples of children with acute gastroenteritis but could not conclude on their "true association" with disease etiology (Esper et al, 2010;Risku et al, 2010). As previously mentioned, different reports have also presented a possible link between the presence of HCoV within the human central nervous system (CNS) and some neurological disorders (Arbour et al, 2000;Cristallo et al, 1997;Fazzini et al, 1992;Stewart et al, 1992;Yeh et al, 2004).…”

Section: Human Coronaviruses: Recognized Respiratory Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human coronaviruses: Viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis

et al. 2014

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Among the various respiratory viruses infecting human beings, coronaviruses are important pathogens, which usually infect the upper respiratory tract, where they are mainly associated with common colds. However, in more vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia, exacerbations of asthma, and various types of respiratory distress syndrome. The respiratory involvement of human coronaviruses has been clearly established since the 1960s. Nevertheless, for almost three decades now, data reported in the scientific literature has also demonstrated that, like it was described for other human viruses, coronaviruses have neuroinvasive capacities since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Once there, infection of CNS cells (neurotropism) could lead to human health problems, such as encephalitis and long-term neurological diseases. Neuroinvasive coronaviruses could damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune responses that could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus-induced neuroimmunopathology) and/or viral replication, which directly induces damage to CNS cells (virus-induced neuropathology). Given all these properties, it has been suggested that these opportunistic human respiratory pathogens could be associated with the triggering or the exacerbation of neurologic diseases for which the etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we present host and viral factors that participate in the regulation of the possible pathogenic processes associated with CNS infection by human coronaviruses and we try to decipher the intricate interplay between virus and host target cells in order to characterize their role in the virus life cycle as well as in the capacity of the cell to respond to viral invasion.

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Section: Human Coronaviruses: Recognized Respiratory Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human coronaviruses: Viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis

et al. 2014

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“…MERS-CoV emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and at the time of this writing, has resulted in 1110 confirmed cases and 456 deaths. The remaining three human coronaviruses (HCoVNL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E), have been detected in stool samples 25,67,68 but are not believed to play a significant role in infections of the gastrointestinal tract. 65 Likewise, human coronavirus HKU1 (HKU1-CoV) RNA has also been detected in stool samples, 66 in some cases from patients exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms.…”

Section: Avian Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[120][121][122] Degenerate primers are also used to detect a range of coronaviruses. 68,123,124 Due to their varied cell tropisms, human coronaviruses cannot be cultured in the same type of cell systems. 68,123,124 Due to their varied cell tropisms, human coronaviruses cannot be cultured in the same type of cell systems.…”

Section: Detecting Enveloped Viruses In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle

Wigginton

Ellenberg

2015

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

180

196

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Several recent high profile outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Ebola and avian influenzas draw attention to the continued risk of a deadly viral pandemic. In general, these enveloped viruses are not considered a major threat for the wastewater and water industries due to their assumed low concentrations in municipal wastewater and high susceptibilities to degradation in aqueous environments. A number of clinical reports, however, suggest that certain enveloped viruses are excreted in human feces during infection.Furthermore, survivability studies show that many enveloped viruses are capable of retaining infectivity for days to months in aqueous environments. Here, we examine the potential presence and fate of enveloped viruses in the urban water cycle, with emphasis on coronaviruses (e.g., SARS and MERS) and avian influenza viruses. We identify a number of pressing research questions that must be answered before the water and wastewater industries can confidently assure the public, through the dissemination of evidence-based guidance, that irrigation waters, recreation waters, and drinking water sources are safe during a viral outbreak or pandemic event.Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol. This journal is

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“…3). As in the case of SARS and other coronaviruses, feces, 66,94 urine, 64,66 and sera 95 might be useful and should be collected for further testing as clinically indicated.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis and Gene Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the discovery of the novel human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC) the beginning of another SARS-like pandemic?

Chan

et al. 2012

Journal of Infection

152

141

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Fouchier et al. reported the isolation and genome sequencing of a novel coronavirus tentatively named "human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC)" from a Saudi patient presenting with pneumonia and renal failure in June 2012. Genome sequencing showed that this virus belongs to the group C species of the genus betacoronavirus and phylogenetically related to the bat coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5 previously found in lesser bamboo bat and Japanese Pipistrelle bat of Hong Kong respectively. Another patient from Qatar with similar clinical presentation and positive RT-PCR test was reported in September 2012. We compare and contrast the clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and management of infection due to this novel coronavirus and that of SARS coronavirus despite the paucity of published information on the former. Since 70% of all emerging infectious pathogens came from animals, the emergence of this novel virus may represent another instance of interspecies jumping of betacoronavirus from animals to human similar to the group A coronavirus OC43 possibly from a bovine source in the 1890s and the group B SARS coronavirus in 2003 from bat to civet and human. Despite the apparently low transmissibility of the virus at this stage, research preparedness against another SARS-like pandemic is an important precautionary strategy.

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Detection of human coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Human coronaviruses: Viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis

Human coronaviruses: Viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis

Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle

Is the discovery of the novel human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC) the beginning of another SARS-like pandemic?

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