Detection of HSV-2 in genital ulcers from STD patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Mwansasu, Andwele; Mwakagile, Davis; Haarr, Lars; Langeland, Nina

doi:10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00248-7

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…DNA from HSV-2 was detected in 55.3% of GUD samples, T. pallidum in 8.3%, HSV-1 in 3.2% along with HIV serology among GUD patients was 3.2% (Naveca et al, 2013). In another African country based study, HSV-2 serology was found in 78.57% individuals whereas HIV positivity was recorded in 40% individuals (Mwansasu et al, 2002). From the present study, the herpetic cases are upto a magnitude of 83.08% whereas non-herpetic cases are only upto 16.92%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

“…Similarly, 48.1% herpetic cases were reported from a STD clinic in Amsterdam, Netherlands while only 4.2% non-hepetic cases were reported (Bruisten et al, 2001). Studies from Tanzania and Thailand also reveal the same pattern where the herpetic GUD cases are more than the non-herpetic GUDs (Mwansasu et al, 2002;Beyrer et al, 1998). Among all the non-herpetic cases, syphilis was found at a higher scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Etiology of Genital Ulcerative Disease in Conjunction with HIV Infection among Patients Attending the STD Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Meena¹,

Bithu²,

Maheshwari³

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Etiology of Genital Ulcerative Disease in Conjunction with HIV Infection among Patients Attending the STD Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Meena¹,

Bithu²,

Maheshwari³

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…The lowest prevalences, ranging from 9% to 35%, are observed in the younger age groups and among healthy blood donors, while patients attending STD clinics show the highest prevalences, ranging from 66% to 87% (22,24,25). In general, the HSV-2 prevalence is higher among women than in men and increases with age (16,22,24,25). In this study, we defined the performance of two in-house-produced ELISAs, based on immunosorbent purified sgG-2 and mgG-2, as well as the FO-CUS2 assay and estimated the HSV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors and from an STD population presenting with genital ulcers in Tanzania.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…After primary infection, HSV-2 establishes latency in sensory ganglia, and after reactivation, HSV-2 can be transmitted by clinical lesions or via asymptomatic shedding (33,35). HSV-2 is sexually transmitted and is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in developing countries (1,8,22). The burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high in sub-Saharan Africa, and a major problem is that HSV-2 infection facilitates transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mature Glycoprotein G Presents High Performance in Diagnosing Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Sera of Different Tanzanian Cohorts

Görander

Mbwana

Lyamuya

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common sexually transmitted infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Glycoprotein G (gG) of HSV-2 elicits a type-specific antibody response and is widely used for serodiagnosis. gG is cleaved into a secreted portion (sgG-2) and a highly O-glycosylated mature portion (mgG-2). The performances of these two native immunosorbent purified antigens were compared in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format with a commercially available assay (FOCUS2) using sera from blood donors (n ‫؍‬ 194) and individuals (n ‫؍‬ 198) with genital ulcer disease (GUD) from Tanzania. Discordant results were resolved by Western blotting. The HSV-2 seroprevalence for blood donors was estimated as 42%, and that for the GUD cohort was estimated as 78%. The prevalence increased significantly with age for both cohorts and was higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals than among HIV-negative subjects. In the GUD cohort with a high HSV-2 prevalence, all three assays showed statistically similar performances, with sensitivities between 97% and 99% and specificities in the range of 86% to 91%. In contrast, among blood donors with a lower seroprevalence, the mgG-2-based ELISA presented significantly higher specificity (97%) than the sgG-2 ELISA (89%) and FOCUS2 (74%). Overall, the mgG-2 ELISA gave a high performance, with negative and positive predictive values of 96% for blood donors and a negative predictive value of 95% and a positive predictive value of 97% for the GUD cohort. We conclude that native purified mgG-2 showed the highest accuracy for detection of HSV-2 in patient sera from Tanzania and is therefore suitable for seroprevalence studies as well as in clinical settings.Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections are common and have spread worldwide, with a reported variation in seroprevalence ranging from less than 1% in children to more than 80% in selected adult populations (13,23,27). After primary infection, HSV-2 establishes latency in sensory ganglia, and after reactivation, HSV-2 can be transmitted by clinical lesions or via asymptomatic shedding (33,35). HSV-2 is sexually transmitted and is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in developing countries (1,8,22). The burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high in sub-Saharan Africa, and a major problem is that HSV-2 infection facilitates transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has been estimated that the risk of acquiring HIV is doubled for HSV-2-infected individuals (34), and HSV-2-positive patients present higher HIV viral load than HSV-2-negative HIV-infected patients (26). These data emphasize that identification of HSV-2-infected individuals is important not only for control of HSV-2 transmission but also as a strategy for HIV prevention.The definite diagnosis of HSV-2 infection is achieved by virus isolation (VI) or by the PCR technique using samples from clinical lesions. Both of these methods present high specificity, and PCR is the most sensitive. However, t...

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“…Epidemiological studies demonstrate that being seropositive for HSV-2 increases the risk of HIV acquisition, and, likewise, the infectiousness of individuals coinfected with HIV-1 and HSV-2 increases during periods of HSV-2 reactivation [4][5][6]. Infectious HIV particles are found in genital herpes ulcers and in cervicovaginal secretions during HSV-2 reactivation, suggesting that coinfection may also increase HIV transmission [7,8]. These observations prompted the initiation of acyclovir prophylaxis trials to determine the proportion of new HIV infections that could be prevented by suppression of HSV-2 alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ACIDFORM Inactivates Herpes Simplex Virus and Prevents Genital Herpes in a Mouse Model: Optimal Candidate for Microbicide Combinations

et al. 2006

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The acidic vaginal milieu is presumed to inactivate pathogens but is neutralized by semen. This notion fostered the development of acid-buffering products, such as ACIDFORM (developed by Program for Topical Prevention of Conception and Disease, Rush University, and licensed by Instead), as microbicides. However, the extent and mechanism of protective activity provided by buffering gels is not known. Exposure of herpes simplex virus (HSV) to pH 4.5 or lower irreversibly inactivated HSV and reduced HSV yields by at least 90%; exposure to pH 5.0 had little or no effect. Pretreatment of HSV-2 with pH 3.5-4.5 triggered proteolysis, disrupting the HSV particle and resulting in a reduction in binding and invasion. ACIDFORM protected 21 (81%) of 26 mice from genital herpes, compared with 3 (12%) of 25 mice who received a placebo gel. ACIDFORM retained significant activity if mice were challenged with HSV delivered in seminal fluid. These findings suggest that ACIDFORM offers considerable protection against HSV and may be an optimal candidate for developing combination microbicides.

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Detection of HSV-2 in genital ulcers from STD patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Etiology of Genital Ulcerative Disease in Conjunction with HIV Infection among Patients Attending the STD Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Etiology of Genital Ulcerative Disease in Conjunction with HIV Infection among Patients Attending the STD Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Mature Glycoprotein G Presents High Performance in Diagnosing Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Sera of Different Tanzanian Cohorts

ACIDFORM Inactivates Herpes Simplex Virus and Prevents Genital Herpes in a Mouse Model: Optimal Candidate for Microbicide Combinations

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