Detection of HIV-1 viruses in tears of patients even under long-term HAART

Han, Yang; Wu, Ning; Zhu, Weijun; Li, Yanling; Zuo, Ling-yan; Ye, Junjie; Qiu, Zhifeng; Xie, Jun; Li, Taisheng

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32834b3578

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Asymptomatic carriers with positive viral serology serve as reservoirs of infection within the community and the lack of routine screening prior to surgery may be one of the factors responsible for increased disease transmission [10,15,16]. Ophthalmologists are exposed to infectious disease via contact with tears and aqueous humor and by accidental needle pricks during surgery [7,17] [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Should Viral Markers Be Mandatory in Ocular Surgeries: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study

Ambastha

Kusumesh

Bhasker

2016

JCDR

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Should Viral Markers Be Mandatory in Ocular Surgeries: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study

Ambastha

Kusumesh

Bhasker

2016

JCDR

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“…There have been two reported cases of HCV transmission resulting from a blood splash to the conjunctiva [24], [25]. In addition, HIV genes and proteins were detected in ocular surface cells and tears, even in patients on anti-HIV treatment [26], [27]. Therefore, ophthalmological practitioners have been encouraged to become familiar with the knowledge of the blood-borne pathogen status of their eye patients, which could be helpful in preventing healthcare-associated transmission of these pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Often Are Major Blood-Borne Pathogens Found in Eye Patients? A Serosurvey at an Eye Hospital in Southern China

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and treponema pallidum (TP) are blood-borne pathogens. They can lead to nosocomial and occupational infections in health care settings. We aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors associated with HBV, HCV, HIV and TP infections among patients with eye diseases at a tertiary eye hospital in Southern China.MethodsFrom July 2011 to June 2012, a total of 26,386 blood units were collected from eye patients, including inpatients and the day surgery patients at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, one of the biggest eye hospitals in China. Based on the primary diagnoses from this period, the subjects were classified into different ocular disease groups. All blood samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP.ResultThe overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, TP and HIV was 9.79%, 0.99%, 2.43% and 0.11%, respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg was much lower among patients younger than 20 years compared to other age groups. In addition, the risk of HBsAg was associated with the male gender, ocular trauma and glaucoma. The prevalence of TP increased with age and the prevalence among patients older than 30 was higher than that in patients younger than 20 years.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and TP in patients with eye diseases was identified. This information can be utilised to strengthen the health education and implementation of universal safety precautions to prevent the spread of blood-borne pathogens in health care settings.

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“…Our previous study has demonstrated the detection of HIV-1 RNAs in the tears of HIV-1 patients, including those whose viral loads were completely suppressed by HAART therapy. Moreover, HIV viral loads in intraocular tissues were higher than in plasma in some individuals (11), suggesting that intraocular tissues might also be a reservoir for HIV-1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 gp120 Glycoprotein Interacting with Dendritic Cell-specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3-grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN) Down-Regulates Tight Junction Proteins to Disrupt the Blood Retinal Barrier and Increase Its Permeability

Qian

Jiang

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Approximately 70% of HIV-1 infected patients acquire ocular opportunistic infections and manifest eye disorders during the course of their illness. The mechanisms by which pathogens invade the ocular site, however, are unclear. Under normal circumstances, vascular endothelium and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which possess a well developed tight junction complex, form the bloodretinal barrier (BRB) to prevent pathogen invasion. We hypothesize that disruption of the BRB allows pathogen entry into ocular sites. The hypothesis was tested using in vitro models. We discovered that human RPE cells could bind to either HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins or HIV-1 viral particles. Furthermore, the binding was mediated by dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) expressed on RPE cells. Upon gp120 binding to DC-SIGN, cellular NF-B signaling was triggered, leading to the induction of matrix metalloproteinases, which subsequently degraded tight junction proteins and disrupted the BRB integrity. DC-SIGN knockdown or prior blocking with a specific antibody abolished gp120-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression and reduced the degradation of tight junction proteins. This study elucidates a novel mechanism by which HIV, type 1 invades ocular tissues and provides additional insights into the translocation or invasion process of ocular complication-associated pathogens.

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Detection of HIV-1 viruses in tears of patients even under long-term HAART

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Why Should Viral Markers Be Mandatory in Ocular Surgeries: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study

Why Should Viral Markers Be Mandatory in Ocular Surgeries: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study

How Often Are Major Blood-Borne Pathogens Found in Eye Patients? A Serosurvey at an Eye Hospital in Southern China

HIV-1 gp120 Glycoprotein Interacting with Dendritic Cell-specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3-grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN) Down-Regulates Tight Junction Proteins to Disrupt the Blood Retinal Barrier and Increase Its Permeability

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