Detection of high energy electromagnetic and hadron components of air-shower cores in the new hybrid experiment “Pamir-XXI”

Abstract

Abstract. In the Chacaltaya hybrid experiment we have shown that the observed characteristics of the events accompanying atmospheric families (a bundle of high energy particles in the air-shower core) can not be well described by current simulations. The atmospheric families detected so far by emulsion chambers (sandwiches of X-ray films and lead plates) are key ingredients in the analysis. But the number of analyzed events with atmospheric family is still small due to the limited size of the experiment. Now a new very large hybrid experiment "PAMIR-XXI" is proposed to be constructed at the Pamirs. The notable feature of the experiment is to construct large hadron calorimeters at the center of air-shower arrays to study the air-shower core in detail. We study the possibility to analyze high energy air-shower cores in the "Pamir-XXI" experiment by using the burst density of scintillation detectors instead of using the family data of emulsion chambers. It is shown that the unusual characteristics of the events observed by the Chacaltaya hybrid experiment can be well seen in the hybrid experiment "PAMIR-XXI" too.

Nucleus-nucleus interactions in very-high-energy cosmic ray experiments

“…Possible reasons of their appearance were discussed in many papers, and various ideas of their explanation were proposed, see e.g. [8][9][10][11][12]. But no idea for their explanation from a single point of view was proposed.…”