Detection of high and moderate crustal strain zones in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

Dumka, Rakesh K.; Kotlia, Bahadur Singh; Kothyari, Girish Ch; Paikrey, Joydeep; Dimri, Siddharth

doi:10.1007/s40328-018-0226-z

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This concept of locking of HFT is also consistent with some previous studies (Banerjee and Burgmann, 2002;Bettinelli et al, 2006;Ponraj et al, 2010;Jade et al, 2014;Dumka et al, 2014;Gautam et al, 2017). We found that in the further north of HFT, the MCT is seismically more active and release the strain energy over the time (Ponraj et al, 2011;Dumka et al, 2014Dumka et al, , 2018Jade et al, 2014). Finally, 2D modeling and strain accumulation studies with additional data sets will be carry out in the future study for improving our understanding of crustal deformation in the Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

GPS-Based Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

Sharma

Pasari

Dikshit

et al. 2018

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The Himalayan region has experienced a number of large magnitude earthquakes in the past. Seismicity is mainly due to tectonic activity along the thrust faults that trend parallel to the Himalayan mountain belt. In order to study the ongoing tectonic process, we report Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of crustal deformation in the Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya through two continuous and 21 campaign stations. We collect GPS data since 2013 and analyze with the GAMIT/GLOBK suite of postprocessing software. Our estimated surface velocities in ITRF2008, India-fixed, and Eurasia-fixed reference frame lie in the range of 42&ndash;52mm/yr, 1&ndash;6mm/yr, and 31&ndash;37mm/yr, respectively. We observe insignificant slip rate (&sim;1mm/yr) of HFT that indicates its locking behavior. The slip rates of MBT and MCT, however, are consistent with the seismic activity of the study region.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

GPS-Based Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

Sharma

Pasari

Dikshit

et al. 2018

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The test model proposed by Žibret and Žibret (, ) clearly shows that each unit of GLA corresponds to approximately 0.1 mm/year of vertical displacement. The observed values of GLA are well corroborated with the observed aerial strain is in the range of 0–1 × 10 −07 strain/year in the Sub Himalaya, and it increases to 1–4 × 10 −07 strain/year in the Lesser Himalaya (Dumka, Kotlia, Kothyari, Paikrey, & Dimri, ; Dumka, Kotlia, Kumar, Satyal, & Joshi, ). The northern portion of the Lesser Himalaya, north of NAT, accommodates more aerial strain as compared to the southern part, south of NAT (Joshi et al, ).…”

Section: Morphometric Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Towards the southern part of the Lesser Himalaya, the convergence rate is ~6.7 ± 2.5 mm/year, whereas towards the north, it is ~17.9 ± 4.5 mm/year. However, the Higher and Tethyan Himalaya regions are deforming at the rate of 19.8 ± 3.7 and 17.4 ± 6.6 mm/year, respectively (Dumka et al, ; Dumka, Kotlia, Satyal, ; Figure b). Further, it is believed that there is a relative crustal shortening to the south of THF/STDF and MCT, which could be because of differential motion of tectonic blocks in a different direction (Dumka, Kotlia, Satyal, ).…”

Section: Combined Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

show abstract

“…Throughout the rest of the Himalayas, during an interseismic period, the decollement is clearly locked to the Indian plate for 80% of its width along the Himalaya (Ader et al, 2012; Berger et al, 2003; Bettinelli et al, 2006; Dumka et al, 2018; Jouanne et al, 1999, 2004, 2017; Kundu et al, 2014; Marechal et al, 2016; Stevens & Avouac, 2015), whereas the Potwar and Kohat plateaus (Figures 3 and 4) are creeping above a lubricated decollement to within 5 km of their frontal thrusts (Khan et al, 2012; Satyabala et al, 2012).…”

Section: Results: Interseismic Displacements At the Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Coupling Quantified on Inferred Décollements Beneath the Western Syntaxis of the Himalaya

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We used episodic GNSS measurements to quantify the present-day velocity field in the northwestern Himalaya from the Himalayan foreland to the Karakoram Range. We report a progressive N-S compressional velocity gradient with two noticeable exceptions: in the Salt Range, where important southward velocities are recorded, and in Nanga Parbat, where an asymmetrical E-W velocity gradient is recorded. A review of Quaternary slip along active thrusts both in and out of sequence allows us to propose a 14 mm/yr shortening rate. This constraint, together with a geometrical model of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), allows us to propose estimations of the slip distributions along the active faults. The lower flat of the MHT is characterized by ductile slip, whereas the coupling increases along the crustal ramp and along the upper flat of the MHT. The basal thrust of the Potwar Plateau and Salt Range presents weak coupling, which is interpreted as the existence of a massive salt layer forming an excellent décollement. In the central part of the frontal Salt Range, the velocities suggest the existence of a southward horizontal flux in the massive salt layer. The simulations also suggest that the velocities recorded in Nanga Parbat can be explained by active westward thrusting along the fault that borders the massif to the west. Simulations suggest that the slip along this fault evolves with depth from 5 mm/yr ductile slip near the MHT to no slip along the upper part of the fault.

show abstract

Detection of high and moderate crustal strain zones in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

GPS-Based Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

GPS-Based Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Seismic Coupling Quantified on Inferred Décollements Beneath the Western Syntaxis of the Himalaya

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About