Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Raw Pork and Pig Viscera As Food in Hebei Province of China

Yang, Geng; Zhao, Chenyan; Guo, Tingyu; Xu, Ying; Wang, Xuanpu; Huang, Weijin; Liu, Huan; Wang, Youchun

doi:10.1089/fpd.2018.2572

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the intercontinental scenario, China is the largest porkproducing and consuming country (Geng et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, food product's label should be integrated with information about the potential risk of HEV infection. In this way, the public authorities have to prevent and control possible foodborne outbreaks (Geng et al, 2019b), and protect vulnerable consumers (i.e., patients with preexisting chronic liver disease and transplant recipients) (Delage et al, 2019).…”

Section: Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Ferri

Vergara

2021

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a cosmopolitan foodborne pathogen. The viral agent infects humans through the consumption of contaminated food (uncooked or undercooked). Most cases of infection are asymptomatic and for this reason, this pathology is considered underdiagnosed. Domestic and wild animals are considered natural reservoirs: that is, domestic pig, wild boar, sheep, goat, deer, rabbit, and so on. Therefore, various work categories are at risk: that is, veterinarians, farmers, hunters, slaughterhouse workers, and so on. In these last decades, researchers found a high percentage of positivity to the molecular viral detection in several food matrices included: ready-to-eat products, processed meat products, milk, and shellfish. This review aims to provide an international scenario regarding HEV ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection in several foodstuffs. From this investigative perspective, the study aims to highlight various gaps of the current knowledge about technologies treatments' impact on viral loads. The purpose was also to provide an innovative point of view ''One Health''-based, pointing out the strategic role of environmental safety.

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“…In the intercontinental scenario, China is the largest porkproducing and consuming country (Geng et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Ferri

Vergara

2021

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…For instance, investigations in Sri Lanka and Mexico concerning Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) emergence in a cluster of farms showed that virus transmission between humans preceded infection in swine [24,25]. Other diseases such as rabies, hepatitis E, and respiratory syndromes were recently proved to be transmitted by humans to dogs, raw pork, and chimpanzees [26][27][28][29]. The idea that humans may function in some circumstances as "reservoir hosts" of LASV is counter-intuitive, as infection is usually associated with acuteness, severe illness and mortality.…”

Section: Lasv Emergence Per Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Ancestry between Rodent- and Human-Derived Virus Sequences in Endemic Foci: Towards a More Integral Molecular Epidemiology of Lassa Fever within West Africa

Olayemi

Adesina

Strecker

et al. 2020

Biology

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Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic illness responsible for thousands of human deaths in West Africa yearly. Rodents are known as natural reservoirs of the causative Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) while humans are regarded as incidental, spill-over hosts. Analysis of genetic sequences continues to add to our understanding of the evolutionary history, emergence patterns, and the epidemiology of LASV. Hitherto, the source of data in such investigations has mainly comprised human clinical samples. Presently, a rise in the quantity of virus strains accessed through ecological studies over the last 15 years now allows us to explore how LASV sequences obtained from rodents might affect phylogenetic patterns. In this study, we phylogenetically compared LASV sequences obtained from both rodents and humans across West Africa, including those from two localities highly endemic for the disease: Ekpoma in Nigeria and Kenema in Sierra Leone. We performed a time-calibrated phylogeny, using a Bayesian analysis on 198 taxa, including 102 sequences from rodents and 96 from humans. Contrary to expectation, our results show that LASV strains detected in humans within these localities, even those sampled recently, are consistently ancient to those circulating in rodents in the same area. We discuss the possibilities connected to this preliminary outcome. We also propose modalities to guide more comprehensive comparisons of human and rodent data in LASV molecular epidemiological studies.

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“…For example, 15.5% of pig livers collected at the time of animal slaughter were positive for HEV RNA (Garcia et al, 2020). Nearly three times lower (6.3%) frequency of virus detection in slaughtered pigs was reported by Geng et al (2019) with not significant difference in detection rates between livers collected from slaughterhouses and retail markets. When a pork production chain was analysed in the Czech Republic, Italy and Spain, a mean 4% prevalence of HEV was detected in livers collected at a slaughterhouse stage (Di Bartolo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…It is noteworthy that the presence of anti-HEV antibodies was found more often in people eating pork liver sausage, pâté and wild boar meat (Mansuy et al, 2016 ). This is a consequence of the presence of the virus in tissues of asymptomatically infected animals entering the food chain, instances of which are the detection of HEV RNA in muscles (Di Bartolo et al, 2012 ; Garcia et al, 2020 ; Intharasongkroh et al, 2016 ), liver (Boxman et al, 2019 ; Feurer et al, 2018 ; Garcia et al, 2020 ), kidney and heart (Garcia et al, 2020 ) as well as in pig’s blood (Boxman et al, 2017 ; Geng et al, 2019 ). Food law regulations define pig’s blood and liver as meat, classifying them as offal (Regulation (EC) No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Blood and Liver as Sporadic Sources of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in the Production Chain of Offal-Derived Foodstuffs in Poland

2021

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Pig’s blood and liver are valuable edible slaughter by-products which are also the major ingredients of offal-derived foodstuffs. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and porcine adenovirus (pAdV) as an index virus of faecal contamination in pig’s blood and liver for human consumption. In total, 246 samples of retail liver (n = 100) and pooled pig’s blood (n = 146) were analysed for the presence of HEV and pAdV. Blood samples were individually collected from 1432 pigs at slaughter age. Viral genomic material, including RNA of a sample process control virus was isolated from food samples using a QIAamp® Viral RNA Mini Kit. Virus-specific IAC-controlled real-time PCR methods were used for detection of target viruses. HEV RNA was found in 6 (2.4%; 95% CI: 0.9–5.2) out of 246 samples of tested foodstuffs. The virus was detected in pig’s blood (3.4%; 95% CI: 1.1–7.8) and liver (1.0%; 95% CI: 0.0–5.0) with no significant differences observed in the frequency of its occurrence between the two by-products (t = 1.33; p = 0.182 > 0.05); however PAdV was detected more frequently in pig’s blood than in liver (t = 4.65; p = 0.000 < 0.05). The HEV strains belonged to the 3f and 3e subtype groups and the pAdV strains were assigned to serotype 5. PAdV was detected in pigs regardless of the farm size from which they originated. The number of animals raised on the farm (the farm size) had no influence on the occurrence of HEV or pAdV infections in pigs (F = 0.81, p = 0.447 > 0.05 for HEV; F = 0.42, p = 0.655 > 0.05 for pAdV). Although HEV was detected in pig’s offal only sporadically, consumers cannot treat its occurrence with disregard as it demonstrates that HEV-contaminated pig tissues can enter the food chain.

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Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Raw Pork and Pig Viscera As Food in Hebei Province of China

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Determining Ancestry between Rodent- and Human-Derived Virus Sequences in Endemic Foci: Towards a More Integral Molecular Epidemiology of Lassa Fever within West Africa

Porcine Blood and Liver as Sporadic Sources of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in the Production Chain of Offal-Derived Foodstuffs in Poland

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