Detection of heart rate and rhythm with a smartphone-based electrocardiograph versus a reference standard electrocardiograph in dogs and cats

Kraus, Marc S.; Gelzer, Anna R.; Rishniw, Mark

doi:10.2460/javma.249.2.189

Cited by 32 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, both bradycardia and tachycardia in otherwise normal cattle should not be taken as a sign of heart disease unless it is persistent or associated with signs of cardiac failure . The smartphone ECG showed perfect agreement with the standard method when HR was measured manually on digitized tracings in cows, in accordance with findings in dogs and in horses where there is an excellent agreement between the 2 methods . The accuracy of App HR was good in comparison to HR measured manually on digitized tracings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows

Bonelli

Vezzosi

Meylan

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background There is good diagnostic accuracy of smartphone‐based ECG in the evaluation of heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, and ECG values for humans, horses, dogs, and cats. Objectives Assess feasibility and reliability of a smartphone ECG device to evaluate HR expressed as beats per minute and ECG values in cows. Animals Fifty‐five healthy Holstein Friesian cows. Methods Prospective observational study. A standard base‐apex ECG was acquired for 60 seconds in each cow. A smartphone ECG tracing was recorded simultaneously using a single‐lead bipolar ECG recorder. All ECGs were reviewed by 1 blinded investigator. The following ECG variables were assessed: HR, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval (milliseconds), P wave, and QRS complex polarity. Agreement between standard and smartphone ECG was evaluated by Cohen's k test and the Bland‐Altman test. Results Smartphone ECG tracings were interpretable in 89% of the recordings. Minimal differences of no clinical relevance were found between standard and smartphone ECG tracings regarding HR and duration of ECG waves and interval. Good agreement found in the evaluation of QRS complex polarity (85%) but not for P wave polarity (k = 0.006). Artifacts were rare but of significantly higher frequency in smartphone ECG compared to standard ECG tracings (22% versus 0%; P = .005). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Good quality single‐lead ECG tracings can be recorded by smartphone device in healthy cows. Smartphone tracings are reliable for evaluation of HR and selective ECG variables. Smartphone ECG can represent an additional tool for ECG screening in cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The accuracy of smartphone ECG tracings in measuring heart rate (HR), evaluating heart rhythm, and detecting ECG changes associated with myocardial ischemia is acceptable . Similarly, in dogs, cats, and horses, smartphone ECG provided adequate tracings for the assessment of HR and cardiac rhythm …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows

Bonelli

Vezzosi

Meylan

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Heart rates and EKGs were monitored using the AliveCor iPhone 4 s phone case and iPhone app (AliveCor, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) as validated for cats and dogs ( 28 ). Heart rates were recorded every 30 min with the AliveCor device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Three Hydration Strategies in Detection Dogs Working in a Hot Environment

et al. 2017

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Physical activity in hot environments can increase the risk of heat stress or heat stroke in dogs. Heat tolerance is influenced by acclimatization to the environment, physical fitness, and hydration state. Three common strategies to promote hydration in working dogs are free access to water (W), oral electrolyte solutions (OESs), and administration of subcutaneous fluids (SQs). None of these methods have been compared for safety or efficacy in a working environment. In a cross-over design, seven vehicle-screening canines were randomly assigned to each of the three hydration strategies during working shifts at the Sarita, TX checkpoint. Physical, behavioral, and biochemical parameters were collected before, during, and after a work shift (mean 5.7 ± 0.8 h). Dogs were given 10 mL/kg oral W, 10 mL/kg chicken flavored OES, or 15 mL/kg of SQs initially followed by controlled access to W or OES. The dogs drank 15.61 ± 4.47 mL/kg/h of W and OES when in the OES group, compared to 7.04 ± 3.42 and 5.56 ± 4.40 mL of W, for the W and SQ groups, respectively. The median environmental temperature was 84.8°F (29.3°C). The median humidity was 70%. Based on mixed effects linear modeling, dogs in the OES and SQ groups had significantly higher total CO2, and lower packed cell volume and total plasma protein at the end of the day. Creatinine increased a small but significant amount in the SQ group and decreased in the OES group. Searching behaviors were independent of hydration strategy but highly related to the dog specific factors of sex, breed, and activity level. Under conditions of controlled activity in moderate heat and humidity, dogs accustomed to the work and the environment were more likely to increase fluid consumption and hydration when provided a flavored OES. Potential benefits of OES and SQ were indirect and no adverse effects were documented for any of the hydration strategies tested.

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“…The AliveCor is smartphone-based handheld ECG that delivered readable and interpretable data without the necessity of a cumbersome machine and electrode clips. AliveCor has been validated for rhythm evaluation in humans, dogs, cats, and water buffalo calves [ 25 – 28 ]. Measurement of QT and QTc in using the AliveCor device has reported to have good agreement with 12-lead ECG in humans [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective pre- and post-race evaluation of biochemical, electrophysiologic, and echocardiographic indices in 30 racing thoroughbred horses that received furosemide

et al. 2018

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BackgroundExercise induced cardiac fatigue (EICF) and cardiac dysrhythmias are well described conditions identified in high-level human athletes that increase in frequency with intensity and duration of exercise. Identification of these conditions requires an understanding of normal pre- and post-race cardiac assessment values. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize selected indices of cardiac function, electrophysiologic parameters, and biochemical markers of heart dysfunction prior to and immediately after high level racing in Thoroughbred horses receiving furosemide; and (2) create pre- and post-race reference values in order to make recommendations on possible screening practices for this population in the future.ResultsThirty Thoroughbred horses were enrolled in the study with an age range of 3–6 years. All horses received furosemide prior to racing. Physical exams, ECGs, and echocardiograms were performed prior to racing (T0) and within 30–60 min following the race (T1). Blood samples were obtained at T0, T1, 4 h post-race (T4) and 24 h after the race (T24). Electrolytes, hematocrit, cardiac troponin I, and partial pressure CO2 values were obtained at all time points. Heart rate was significantly increased post-race compared to baseline value with a median difference of 49 bpm, 95% CI [31,58],(P < 0.0001). No dysrhythmias were noted during ECG assessment. Following the race, an increase in number of horses demonstrating regurgitation through the aorta and AV valves was noted. Systolic function measured by fractional shortening increased significantly with a mean difference of 7.9%, 95% CI [4.8, 10.9], (P < 0.0001). Cardiac troponin I was not different at pre- and immediately post-race time points, but was significantly increased at T4 (P < 0.001). Troponin returned to baseline value by T24.ConclusionsThis study utilized a before and after study design where each horse served as its own control, as such the possible effect of regression to the mean cannot be ruled out. The reference intervals generated in this study may be used to identify selected echocardiographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities in racing horses receiving furosemide.

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Detection of heart rate and rhythm with a smartphone-based electrocardiograph versus a reference standard electrocardiograph in dogs and cats

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows

Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows

Evaluation of Three Hydration Strategies in Detection Dogs Working in a Hot Environment

Prospective pre- and post-race evaluation of biochemical, electrophysiologic, and echocardiographic indices in 30 racing thoroughbred horses that received furosemide

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