Detection of Gliotoxin but Not Bis(methyl)gliotoxin in Plasma From Birds With Confirmed and Probable Aspergillosis

Abstract

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Challenges to establish the diagnosis of aspergillosis in non-laboratory animals: looking for alternatives in veterinary medicine and demonstration of feasibility through two concrete examples in penguins and dolphins

“…Gliotoxin is produced by Aspergillus during its hyphal growth and is the most abundant mycotoxin playing the role of key-virulence factor that results in far-reaching immune suppression of the host ( Kwon-Chung and Sugui, 2009 ; Arias et al., 2018 ). Through measurement with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methodology, we recently tested the relevancy of gliotoxin detection for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in blood samples drawn from African, Humboldt, gentoo and Magellanic penguins among other avian species ( Reidy et al., 2022 ). In all, gliotoxin was detected in almost 74% of the clinical samples obtained from birds with proven or probable aspergillosis, but was not detected in samples from clinically-normal penguins.…”