Detection of giardia and cryptosporidium in marine waters

Johnson, D. C.; Reynolds, Kelly A.; Gerba, Charles P.; Pepper, Ian L.; Rose, Joan B.

doi:10.1016/0273-1223(95)00308-a

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Salinity and pH did not show a significant effect in oocysts/cysts presence/absence. Studies have demonstrated that saline environment does not affect its infectivity ( Johnson et al 1995( Johnson et al , 1997Freire-Santos et al 1999;Fayer et al 1998Fayer et al , 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium and physicochemical properties of marine waters of the Pacific Coast of Mexico

Magana-Ordorica

Mena

Valdez-Torres

et al. 2010

Journal of Water and Health

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Water samples were processed by the EPA 1623 method and pH, temperature, salinity and turbidity were also determined. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were present in 71 and 57% of the samples collected from Altata, respectively. In Mazatlan, Cryptosporidium and Giardia were found in 83 and 72% of the samples, respectively. The overall concentration of Cryptosporidium ranged from 150 to 2,050 oocysts/10 L with an average of 581 oocysts/10 L and Giardia ranged from 10 to 300 cysts/10 L with an average of 73 cysts/10 L. The occurrence of both parasites increased in water with decreasing temperatures and increasing turbidity of the water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the most common and resistant microorganisms that have been frequently isolated from marine waters are Cryptosporidium and Giardia ( Johnson et al 1995). These protozoa can cause mild to severe diarrhoea and mortality in certain segments of the population (Marquardt et al 2000; Thompson et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium and physicochemical properties of marine waters of the Pacific Coast of Mexico

Magana-Ordorica

Mena

Valdez-Torres

et al. 2010

Journal of Water and Health

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Review of Parasite Fate and Transport in Karstic Aquifers

Blanford

2004

Water Encyclopedia

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Every year in the United States, cases of waterborne illness are generally characterized by gastrointestinal problems (vomiting, diarrhea, etc.). However, these same symptoms can be more serious and even fatal in certain groups, such as the young, elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. Furthermore, viral pathogens found in groundwater are linked to chronic diseases such as adult onset diabetes and myocarditis. Recognizing that preventing contamination of water sources is the first step in the multiple barrier approach to drinking water protection, the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) and the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule (DBPR) were released in 1999. The two rules will provide additional protection of public water supplies and address microbiological contamination. The rules address the risks of the trade‐offs between disinfection necessary for microbial inactivation and disinfection by‐products. The requirements of 40 CFR 141.72(b) are consistent 99.99% removal and/or inactivation of viruses and 99% removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The code gives public water suppliers the option to demonstrate compliance through pilot plant studies or other means that combine filtration techniques with disinfection as in EPA 1999 Microbial and Disinfection Byproducts Rules Simultaneous Compliance as in Guidance Manual. Presently, only surface water systems and systems using groundwater under the direct influence of surface water are required to disinfect their water supplies. Though historically considered free of microbial contamination, most recent research has shown that aquifers can be readily contaminated by pathogens. To lessen the requirement for disinfection and to protect water resources, water suppliers have sought to use natural systems to treat Cryptosporidium . Thus, there is a critical need for information regarding the transport and fate of pathogens during water infiltration into subsurface systems.

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2010

Wastewater Microbiology

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Detection of giardia and cryptosporidium in marine waters

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Relationships between the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium and physicochemical properties of marine waters of the Pacific Coast of Mexico

Relationships between the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium and physicochemical properties of marine waters of the Pacific Coast of Mexico

Review of Parasite Fate and Transport in Karstic Aquifers

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