“…Tests to differentiate strains and genotypes have been developed for Theileria (Bishop et al, 1993), Cryptosporidium (Tanrverdi et al, 2002;Giles et al, 2002), Giardia (Amar et al, 2002;Bertrand et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2006;Almeida et al, 2010), Rhipicephalus (Passos et al, 1999), Toxoplasma (Echavarria et al, 2000Alfonso et al, 2009) and Trypanosoma (Requena et al, 1992;Stothard et al, 1997Stothard et al, , 1999da Silveira Pinto et al, 2000;Ventura et al, 2002;Burgos et al, 2005;Rodrigues et al, 2010). The routine use of polymorphic markers to monitor and characterise isolates, has generally not been adopted in parasite biology.…”