Detection of fungal metabolites of various Trichoderma species by the aphid Schizaphis graminum

Ganassi, Sonia; Cristofaro, A. De; Grazioso, Pasqualina; Altomare, Claudio; Logrieco, A.; Sabatini, Maria Agnese

doi:10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00494.x

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sensilla that failed to respond to the tested solutions were considered not functioning and were discarded (Crnjar and Prokopy 1982;Ganassi et al 2007). Responses of the sensory cells were evaluated as spike frequency (spikes per second) during the first second of stimulation, 100 ms after stimulus onset.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although methanol is thought to damage the nerve cells, which then does not allow for long recording durations, and most likely influences impulse frequencies, it has the advantage of dissolving material obstructing the pores and helping to obtain a good contact (Maher and Thiery 2004). Electrophysiological responses from the mesothoracic distal tarsomere were recorded by combining different techniques previously used to study single chemosensory sensilla (Hodgson et al 1955;den Otter and van der Starre 1967;Marion-Poll and van der Pers 1996;Solinas et al 2001;Maher and Thiery 2004;Ganassi et al 2007). The indifferent electrode, a glass micropipette (tip 4-5μm diameter) filled with a ringer solution (Kaissling 1995), was inserted into the aphid prothorax.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extract, chromatographic fractions, and pure compounds were solubilized in 5% methanol to perform feeding preference tests as previously described (Ganassi et al 2007). The raw organic extract of the fungal culture was tested at a concentration corresponding to 500 mg of rice culture per ml of 5% aqueous methanol; dihydrotrichodimerol (1) at concentrations of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg ml −1 ; trichodimerol (2) at 0.82 mg ml −1 ; bislongiquinolide (3) at 0.68 and 0.34 mg ml −1 ; and dihydrobislongiquinolide (4) at 0.71 mg ml −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, compounds that restrain aphids from feeding may reduce direct insect damage to crops and indirect damage due to infection with insect-transmitted viruses (Pickett et al 1987). Data on such effects of fungal metabolites towards insect pests are limited (Wright et al 1982;Mulè et al 1992;Amiri et al 1999;Ekesi et al 2001;Ganassi et al 2007). Ganassi et al (2007) showed that some fungal isolates of the genus Trichoderma influenced the feeding preference of Schizaphis graminum, one of the most important pests of cereal crops, suggesting a potential antifeedant activity of these fungi towards aphids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Data on such effects of fungal metabolites towards insect pests are limited (Wright et al 1982;Mulè et al 1992;Amiri et al 1999;Ekesi et al 2001;Ganassi et al 2007). Ganassi et al (2007) showed that some fungal isolates of the genus Trichoderma influenced the feeding preference of Schizaphis graminum, one of the most important pests of cereal crops, suggesting a potential antifeedant activity of these fungi towards aphids. The authors also showed that the biological activity of the fungal culture was from the water-methanol extractable of the fungal biomass, thus implying the presence of diffusible metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Bisorbicillinoids Produced by the Fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Affect Feeding Preference of the Aphid Schizaphis graminum

et al. 2009

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We report the effects of some bisorbicillinoids isolated from biomass of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride on settling and feeding preference of the aphid Schizaphis graminum. Purification of the fungal metabolites was carried out by a combination of column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography using direct and reverse phases. Chemical identification was performed by spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The identified bisorbicillinoids appeared to be bislongiquinolide, its 16,17-dihydro derivative, trichodimerol, and dihydrotrichodimerol. A feeding preference test with alate morphs of S. graminum was used to identify the active fractions. Among the four bisorbicillinoids, dihydrotrichodimerol and bislongiquinolide influenced aphid feeding preference, restraining specimens from settling on leaves treated with metabolites. Taste neurons sensitive to these compounds, particularly to bislongiquinolide, were located on tarsi of the S. graminum alate morphs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bisorbicillinoids Produced by the Fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Affect Feeding Preference of the Aphid Schizaphis graminum

et al. 2009

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The Effect of Stereochemistry on the Biological Activity of Natural Phytotoxins, Fungicides, Insecticides and Herbicides

Evidente¹,

Cimmino²,

Andolfi³

2012

Chirality

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Phytotoxins are secondary microbial metabolites that play an essential role in the development of disease symptoms induced by fungi on host plants. Although phytotoxins can cause extensive-and in some cases devastating-damage to agricultural crops, they can also represent an important tool to develop natural herbicides when produced by fungi and plants to inhibit the growth and spread of weeds. An alternative strategy to biologically control parasitic plants is based on the use of plant and fungal metabolites, which stimulate seed germination in the absence of the host plant. Nontoxigenic fungi also produce bioactive metabolites with potential fungicide and insecticide activity, and could be applied for crop protection. All these metabolites represent important tools to develop eco-friendly pesticides. This review deals with the relationships between the biological activity of some phytotoxins, seed germination stimulants, fungicides and insecticides, and their stereochemistry.

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Potential of fungi of the genus Trichoderma for biocontrol of Philaenus spumarius, the insect vector for the quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidosa

Ganassi

Domenico

Altomare

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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Background: The meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius L. is the vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca, involved in olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) in Salento (Italy). Control of P. spumarius is key to limiting transmission of the bacterium, and an innovative approach can be based on effective natural compounds and biocontrol agents. Entomopathogenic fungi are an important source of bioactive natural molecules that play a role in the relationship between microorganisms and insects.Results: Pathogenicity bioassays, performed by dipping adults of P. spumarius in either fungal culture suspension (120 mg mL −1 ) or cell-free culture supernatant of Trichoderma chlorosporum GJS 91-150, showed, respectively, 97% and 87% death within 24 h. The effect was dose-dependent. In laboratory bioassays, the powdered fungal culture of T. chlorosporum GJS 91-150 did not exhibit pathogenic activity when injected into nymph spittle. Conclusions: T. chlorosporum GJS 91-150 affected the survival of P. spumarius adults. The lethal effect was not associated with the development of mycelium on the cuticle, but seems due, at least partly, to fungal metabolites released in the culture medium. The fungus tested here has good potential for the development of effective low-environmental impact control strategies for P. spumarius and suppression of X. fastidiosa.

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Detection of fungal metabolites of various Trichoderma species by the aphid Schizaphis graminum

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Bisorbicillinoids Produced by the Fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Affect Feeding Preference of the Aphid Schizaphis graminum

Bisorbicillinoids Produced by the Fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Affect Feeding Preference of the Aphid Schizaphis graminum

The Effect of Stereochemistry on the Biological Activity of Natural Phytotoxins, Fungicides, Insecticides and Herbicides

Potential of fungi of the genus Trichoderma for biocontrol of Philaenus spumarius, the insect vector for the quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidosa

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