Detection of Flood Hazard in Urban Areas Using GIS: Izmir Case

Influence of heel design in an orthopedic shoe on ground reaction forces during walking

“…32 Conversely, a PPHF can increase the lever arm of the GRF on the ankle joint between initial contact and the loading response phase, requiring an increased effort from the anterior compartment muscles and potentially giving rise to the anterior shin splints. 15,31 Based on this result, a beveled heel would be recommended over a standard heel and a PPHF to reduce vGRF first peak during the gait in a young and otherwise healthy population.…”

“…The beveled trailing edge on the shoe’s heel most likely allows the foot to roll forward in its step, softening the movement. Furthermore, less muscle strain potentially means less discomfort, 31 and as a consequence, the vGRF first peak is decreased. In an earlier study, it was demonstrated that the beveled heel more so than the standard heel in stroke patients could be used to decrease the loading of the limb at the loading response phase.…”

“…Moreover, the forward rolling motion of the beveled heel used less muscular force, thus the loading rate was decreased and the movement was softer. 31 Choi 35 stated that shoes with rounded outsoles and a mild slope in the heel decreased the vGRF first peak and the loading rate in the healthy subjects because of having a softness in motion. Orthopedic shoes with a beveled heel in this study had a mild slope in the heel which was similar to the results of Choi’s study in decreasing the loading rate.…”

Flooding Conceptual Review: Sustainability-Focalized Best Practices in Nigeria

“…Recently, researchers have pointed out one method of studying and understanding flood behaviors, by examining the extent of floods with flood risk mapping, since they use and overlay spatial planning and land management information [13,56]. There is also research that looks at integrated GIS-based assessment that integrates population and agricultural vulnerability with flood events [57,58]. Comprehension geographic information can be very critical in making important decisions due to the spatial coverage of most disasters.…”

Investigation of Effects of Urbanization on Flood Risk in Bilecik Province

“…CBS, bir veri tabanı altında verileri saklayabilen, konumsal analize dayanan görsel sonuçlar verebilen bir analiz metodudur. Son yıllarda taşkın yönetimi ve su kaynakları planlamaları gibi alanlarda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır; Özkan ve Tarhan, CBS kullanarak İzmir'de sel tehlikesinin saptanması üzerine çalışmışlardır [9]. Ayrıca bazı çalışmalarda, CBS tabanlı bir model oluşturularak kentsel su baskını simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir [10,11].…”