Detection of Fake Replay Attack Signals on Remote Keyless Controlled Vehicles Using Pre-Trained Deep Neural Network

Abstract

Keyless systems have replaced the old-fashioned methods of inserting physical keys into keyholes to unlock the door, which are inconvenient and easily exploited by threat actors. Keyless systems use the technology of radio frequency (RF) as an interface to transmit signals from the key fob to the vehicle. However, keyless systems are also susceptible to being compromised by a threat actor who intercepts the transmitted signal and performs a replay attack. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning-based model to identify the replay attacks launched against remote keyless controlled vehicles. Specifically, the system makes use of a pre-trained ResNet50 deep neural network to predict the wireless remote signals used to lock or unlock doors of a remote-controlled vehicle system. The signals are finally classified into three classes: real signal, fake signal high gain, and fake signal low gain. We have trained our model with 100 epochs (3800 iterations) on a KeFRA 2022 dataset, a modern dataset. The model has recorded a final validation accuracy of 99.71% and a final validation loss of 0.29% at a low inferencing time of 50 ms for the model-based SGD solver. The experimental evaluation revealed the supremacy of the proposed model.

Analytical Study for Cyber Dynamic Continuous Time Vehicle Model with Networked PID Controller

“…The system evaluation showed the advantage of the cyber-physical dynamic vehicle system delivering high stability and controllability in the vehicle motion using a PID controller and Transceiver. In future, we will seek to adopt intelligent controllers making use of optimizable neural networks systems [16], fuzzy Nero computing, and machine/deep learning models [17,18] in addition to the ability to acquire the data form Heterogeneous Sources.…”

Nussbaum gain adaptive control for full‐state constrained cyber‐physical system under network attacks and actuator failures

“…Accurate identification of attack types is crucial to system security. At present, denial of service attacks (DOSA), 9‐11 replay attacks, 12‐14 eavesdropping attacks, 15‐17 and FDIA (false data injection attacks) 18‐20 are the main types of common network attacks. DOSA is a depleting attack on the resources of the attacked object, which interrupts the normal communication of the system.…”