Detection of façade plaster detachments using infrared thermography – A nondestructive technique

Freitas, Susana Vaz; Freitas, Vasco Peixoto de; Barreira, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.094

Cited by 82 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The investigation of faults or anomalies by thermography is associated with the disturbance that such defects cause in the heat fluxe in the facade (from outside to inside in this case), and how this disturbance changes the surface temperature, obtained in a thermogram. Thus, an internal or surface discontinuity such as a void, detachment or a cracking process can be detected in the thermograms [12,17]. The critical question is to be able to identify which of the observed patterns indicate the presence and extent of cracking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

et al. 2016

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Infrared thermography is an evaluation technique that helps to identify anomalies and can provide information on their incidence and severity. The aim of this study is to apply quantitative thermography to study a case of severe cracks in facade analyzing the evolution of temperatures and Delta-T. The temperature evolution was studied over a day. There was sun incidence occurring during part of the day, allowing to calculate and assess the evolution of the associated temperatures. Thermograms were acquired hourly during the study period. The highest temperatures were observed at 12:00 noon, and the larger Delta-T between 10:00 and 12:00. There were differences between the Delta-T profiles among the three regions studied. The best time for analysis is when Delta-T is higher. Cracks with higher Delta-T were considered more degraded, and generalized branched cracks did not allow a comparative conclusion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparatively, for the same exposure conditions, a greater Delta-T may indicate a more severe condition for the anomalies [12]. Bauer et al [4] correlated the depth of cracks with the Delta-T values measured in laboratory heating cycles and reported that higher Delta-T values are associated with deeper cracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

et al. 2016

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“…For this reason it is usually focused on small wall samples, aiming at subsurface defects localization 18 , preferably on high quality structures 19 . The investigation of outer surfaces could instead take advantage of solar radiation and its variation during one or more days 20,21 . The final goal of a thermographic survey, apart from an immediate assessment of the structural and energetic performance of a building, should be its integration in a more complex framework.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic thermographic scanning with the creation of 3D panoramic views of buildings

2016

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Infrared thermography is widely applied to the inspection of building, enabling the identification of thermal anomalies due to the presence of hidden structures, air leakages, and moisture. One of the main advantages of this technique is the possibility to acquire rapidly a temperature map of a surface. However, due to the actual low-resolution of thermal camera and the necessity of scanning surfaces with different orientation, during a building survey it is necessary to take multiple images. In this work a device based on quantitative infrared thermography, called aIRview, has been applied during building surveys to automatically acquire thermograms with a camera mounted on a robotized pan tilt unit. The goal is to perform a first rapid survey of the building that could give useful information for the successive quantitative thermal investigations. For each data acquisition, the instrument covers a rotational field of view of 360° around the vertical axis and up to 180° around the horizontal one. The obtained images have been processed in order to create a full equirectangular projection of the ambient. For this reason the images have been integrated into a web visualization tool, working with web panorama viewers such as Google Street View, creating a webpage where it is possible to have a three dimensional virtual visit of the building. The thermographic data are embedded with the visual imaging and with other sensor data, facilitating the understanding of the physical phenomena underlying the temperature distribution.

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“…IRT has been successfully employed for the detection of delamination and subsurface cracks in concrete structures [49], for the location of near-surface defects or water infiltrations in masonry structures [50][51][52], non-homogeneity of materials or constructive technique [53,54], for the detection of structural damages [55], surface weathering [56] and plaster detachments [57] in historical buildings. The product of a thermographic survey is a pixel matrix (thermogram) collected through the thermal camera array detector, which after the correction of the sensitive parameters (object emissivity, path length, air temperature and humidity) represents a radiant temperature map of the investigated object.…”

Section: Infrared Thermography (Irt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Slope and Urban Potential Unstable Areas by Means of Multi-Platform Remote Sensing Techniques: The Volterra (Italy) Case Study

2016

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Volterra (Central Italy) is a town of great historical interest, due to its vast and well-preserved cultural heritage, including a 2.6 km long Etruscan-medieval wall enclosure representing one of the most important elements. Volterra is located on a clayey hilltop prone to landsliding, soil erosion, therefore the town is subject to structural deterioration. During 2014, two impressive collapses occurred on the wall enclosure in the southwestern urban sector. Following these events, a monitoring campaign was carried out by means of remote sensing techniques, such as space-borne (PS-InSAR) and ground-based (GB-InSAR) radar interferometry, in order to analyze the displacements occurring both in the urban area and the surrounding slopes, and therefore to detect possible critical sectors with respect to instability phenomena. Infrared thermography (IRT) was also applied with the aim of detecting possible criticalities on the wall-enclosure, with special regards to moisture and seepage areas. PS-InSAR data allowed a stability back-monitoring on the area, revealing 19 active clusters displaying ground velocity higher than 10 mm/year in the period 2011-2015. The GB-InSAR system detected an acceleration up to 1.7 mm/h in near-real time as the March 2014 failure precursor. The IRT technique, employed on a double survey campaign, in both dry and rainy conditions, permitted to acquire 65 thermograms covering 23 sectors of the town wall, highlighting four thermal anomalies. The outcomes of this work demonstrate the usefulness of different remote sensing technologies for deriving information in risk prevention and management, and the importance of choosing the appropriate technology depending on the target, time sampling and investigation scale. In this paper, the use of a multi-platform remote sensing system permitted technical support of the local authorities and conservators, providing a comprehensive overview of the Volterra site, its cultural heritage and landscape, both in near-real time and back-analysis and at different scales of investigation.

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Detection of façade plaster detachments using infrared thermography – A nondestructive technique

Cited by 82 publications

References 19 publications

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

Automatic thermographic scanning with the creation of 3D panoramic views of buildings

Detecting Slope and Urban Potential Unstable Areas by Means of Multi-Platform Remote Sensing Techniques: The Volterra (Italy) Case Study

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