Detection of Experimental Swine Trichinellosis Using Commercial Elisa Test

Gondek, Michał; Bień, Justyna; Nowakowski, Zygmunt

doi:10.1515/pjvs-2017-0054

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar observations were made by Korínková et al (3), in which the mean infection intensity in the tongues of pigs experimentally infected with 500 T. spiralis ML achieved 39% of that detected in the diaphragm. Furthermore, Gondek et al (4) found that the larval density in the tongues of pigs experimentally infected with 300 ML of T. spiralis was significantly lower as compared with this density in diaphragms and constituted only 53% of that found in the latter tissue type. However, when a higher infective dose was used (1,000 T. spiralis), the intensities of infection in the tongues and diaphragms of the infected pigs were comparable (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Diaphragms and T. spiralis and T. britovi in the Tongues of Experimentally Infected Pigs

et al. 2021

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There is little or even no data in the global literature on the distribution of different species of Trichinella in the individual parts of the diaphragms and tongues in infected pigs. This is of particular importance from the food safety point of view and for the conduct of routine testing of pig carcasses for Trichinella as well as epidemiological surveys. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), Trichinella britovi (T. britovi), and Trichinella pseudospiralis (T. pseudospiralis) ML in various parts of the diaphragm (the pillars, costal, and sternal part) and the distribution of encapsulated species of Trichinella (T. spiralis and T. britovi) in various parts of the tongues (the tip, body, and root) of experimentally infected pigs. The diaphragm pillars were the most heavily parasitized part of the diaphragm both in groups of pigs infected with particular species of Trichinella and in groups of pigs presenting different levels of infection; however, statistical differences were observed only in the group of pigs with moderate (21–35 larvae per gram-lpg) or moderately high (35–55 lpg) intensity of Trichinella spp. infection in the entire diaphragm. In all groups of pigs, regardless of the infecting Trichinella species or infection level, larvae showed a homogeneous distribution on both sides of the diaphragm and excluding those of T. pseudospiralis, also in all three parts of the tongue. Histological examination showed features of a differential inflammatory response around larvae of the different Trichinella species. This study confirmed that for mandatory examination of pig carcasses using a pooled-sample digestion assay in which each pig is intended to be represented by a 1 gram sample taken from the diaphragm pillars, if that tissue is not available, the mass of the sample taken from the remaining diaphragm parts (costal or sternal) should be at least double that from the pillars. Histological findings confirmed that the inflammatory pattern of pig muscles varies depending on the Trichinella species triggering the infection and is less intense in the case of infections with T. pseudospiralis than in infections with encapsulated species of Trichinella (T. spiralis and T. britovi).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Diaphragms and T. spiralis and T. britovi in the Tongues of Experimentally Infected Pigs

et al. 2021

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“…It should be noted that T. spiralis larvae settle in pig’ muscle tissue at around day 17 after infection [ 47 ]. In contrast, the appearance of IgG antibodies in infected pigs occurs 3 weeks after T. spiralis infection at the earliest [ 48 ]. The time required to develop a specific IgG antibody response in Trichinella -infected pigs is correlated with both the dose of infection and the intensity of Trichinella infection in muscles [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This causes difficulties in detecting Trichinella invasions at earlier stages. In this period, for invasions at 30 ( T. spiralis )/36 ( T. britovi ) days after invasion, the ELISA results can be a false negative [ 42 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. This is especially important because once the larvae are in the muscle tissue, they become invasive to the next host (including humans).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheme of Effective Epidemiological Investigations in Trichinella Outbreaks on Pig Farms

Bilska–Zając

Korpysa‐Dzirba

Bełcik

et al. 2023

Foods

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Trichinellosis is a parasitic, zoonotic disease caused by larvae of the genus Trichinella. Infection occurs via the consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing this parasite. Symptoms of the disease manifest as intestinal disorders, followed by facial swelling, fever, muscle pain and other symptoms, eventually leading to neurological and cardiac complications and even death. In Europe, trichinellosis is most often associated with the consumption of meat from wild boars, pigs and horses. In recent years, wild boars that are hunted illegally and not tested for Trichinella spp. have been the most common cause of trichinellosis in humans; however, there have also been cases where infected pigs have been the source of infection. When trichinellosis is suspected in humans, epidemiological measures are taken to identify the source. Similarly, an epidemiological investigation should be initiated whenever Trichinella spp. has been detected in pigs. However, commonly used actions do not provide sufficient data to determine the source of infection for pigs and to prevent further transmission. Therefore, in this article, we propose a scheme for effective epidemiological investigations into Trichinella outbreaks on pig farms that can help trace the transmission mechanisms of the parasite and that takes into account currently available testing tools. The proposed pathway can be easily adopted for epidemiological investigations in routine veterinary inspection work.

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“…Trichinella spp. infection occurs by ingestion of muscle tissue from a host containing the infective stage (L1) larvae (Gondek et al., 2017). Wild boar meat and its products represent the second largest source of Trichinella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the cosmopolitan distribution of these nematodes, only four species circulate in Europe: T. spiralis, T. britovi, T. nativa and T. pseudospiralis (Zając et al, 2016).Trichinella spp. infection occurs by ingestion of muscle tissue from a host containing the infective stage (L1) larvae (Gondek et al, 2017). Wild boar meat and its products represent the second largest source of Trichinella spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal

Vieira-Pinto

Fernandes

Santos

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Trichinella spp. infection occurs when a host ingests muscle tissue containing infective larvae (L1 stage). Wild boar meat and its products represent the second largest source of human trichinellosis worldwide. For this reason, and since that in Portugal wild boar is the most hunted large game specie, the laboratory of Technology, Quality and Food Safety (TQFS) from the University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro created a free service to test wild boar meat for Trichinella spp. From December 2015 to February 2020, and 857 samples were analysed. From those, the majority (719/857, 83.9%) were tested after October 2018 when a specific national legislation came into force, demanding that meat from wild boar hunted in a defined risk area should be tested for Trichinella spp. Under TQFS laboratory activity, in January 2020, a positive case was identified, being the first molecular confirmation of Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal. Additionally to this activity, in 2019, a questionnaire was submitted to 100 hunters to acquire information about wild boar meat usage and consumption behaviours. From the total respondents, 86% declared they intended to use meat for private consumption. Of those, 93% also stated that have sold part of the meat and/or homemade sausages, the majority (80%) without prior testing for Trichinella spp., as required by EU Regulation. These results alert the hunters to a risk for human infection, which could be extended to outside the hunter's household. Given the actual epidemiological situation, it should be emphasized that testing for Trichinella spp. in wild boar meat should be maintained and reinforced, particularly in the risk area. The results presented in this report strongly support the importance of specific national legislation to mitigate the risk of trichinellosis due to consumption of non‐tested wild boar meat.

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Detection of Experimental Swine Trichinellosis Using Commercial Elisa Test

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Distribution of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Diaphragms and T. spiralis and T. britovi in the Tongues of Experimentally Infected Pigs

Distribution of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Diaphragms and T. spiralis and T. britovi in the Tongues of Experimentally Infected Pigs

Scheme of Effective Epidemiological Investigations in Trichinella Outbreaks on Pig Farms

Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal

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