Detection of estrus by visual observation and radiotelemetry in peripubertal, estrus-synchronized beef heifers.

Stevenson, J. S.; Smith, Mitchell W.; Jaeger, John R.; Corah, L.R.; LeFever, D.G.

doi:10.2527/1996.744729x

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Oestrus: mount detectors Stevenson et al (1996) report the use of an electronic, radiotelemetric, pressure-sensitive, rump-mounted device, which was designed to be activated by the weight of a mounting animal. The sensor sent a signal by radio to a computer that recorded the mounted animal's identification, date, time and duration of the mounting.…”

Section: Oestrus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequently the performance of a device is compared with the ability of the herdsman to observe behavioural indications of oestrus. A more satisfactory reference to use is milk or blood progesterone level, which gives a reliable indication of ovulation.Oestrus: mount detectors Stevenson et al (1996) report the use of an electronic, radiotelemetric, pressure-sensitive, rump-mounted device, which was designed to be activated by the weight of a mounting animal. The sensor sent a signal by radio to a computer that recorded the mounted animal's identification, date, time and duration of the mounting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Animal board invited review: precision livestock farming for dairy cows with a focus on oestrus detection

Mottram

2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dairy cows are high value farm animals requiring careful management to achieve the best results. Since the advent of robotic and high throughput milking, the traditional few minutes available for individual human attention daily has disappeared and new automated technologies have been applied to improve monitoring of dairy cow production, nutrition, fertility, health and welfare. Cows milked by robots must meet legal requirements to detect healthy milk. This review focuses on emerging technical approaches in those areas of high cost to the farmer (fertility, metabolic disorders, mastitis, lameness and calving). The availability of low cost tri-axial accelerometers and wireless telemetry has allowed accurate models of behaviour to be developed and sometimes combined with rumination activity detected by acoustic sensors to detect oestrus; other measures (milk and skin temperature, electronic noses, milk yield) have been abandoned. In-line biosensors have been developed to detect markers for ovulation, pregnancy, lactose, mastitis and metabolic changes. Wireless telemetry has been applied to develop boluses for monitoring the rumen pH and temperature to detect metabolic disorders. Udder health requires a multisensing approach due to the varying inflammatory responses collectively described as mastitis. Lameness can be detected by walk over weigh cells, but also by various types of video image analysis and speed measurement. Prediction and detection of calving time is an area of active research mostly focused on behavioural change.Keywords: dairy cow, sensors, fertility, precision livestock farming, automation ImplicationsSince the introduction of robotic milking technologies to measure important parameters of cow health and fertility have moved from scientific concepts towards robust techniques routinely used on farms. There is still potential for developing new approaches but the main focus is on applying modelling to data sources that are already available such as tri-axial cow collars, in-line milk sensing and rumen telemetry. IntroductionIn the past century dairy farms have become larger, milk yields have risen, quality requirements have risen, labour has become less available and automated systems for milking and other farm tasks have become common all of these factors have created a need for automated monitoring of health and fertility. The first systems for recording milk yield electronically and allocating feed date back to the 1970s and automatic oestrus behaviour systems from the 1980s. As electronics have become cheaper and new sensing capabilities developed a variety of engineering options were reviewed for all animals by Frost et al. (1997). Mottram (1997) reviewed potential target disease conditions in dairy cows and identified parturition, mastitis and failures in nutrition as the most significant causes of loss. It was suggested that sensing should focus on the most directly measurable indicator of a condition such as rumen pH rather than proxy measures. Since then major developments have taken plac...

show abstract

Section: Oestrus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal board invited review: precision livestock farming for dairy cows with a focus on oestrus detection

Mottram

2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The onset of heat activity follows a distinct pattern, with greatest activity in the lysed by exogenously administered PGF 2α [23]. Oestrogen, specifically oestradiol-17β, is the primary signal to the hypothalamus that induces oestrus, but only in the absence of progesterone [26].…”

Section: Pattern Of Heat Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and detection of oestrus in cattle

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-For herds using AI heat detection rate and calving rate are the two major determinants of compactness of calving, of the proportion of cows that fail to conceive in a defined breeding season. Numerous factors affect the expression of heat including, housing arrangement, floor surface, feet and leg problems and status of herd mates. The number of mounts a cow receives increases with the number of cows that are in heat simultaneously up to about 3-4 cows in heat. Generally, cows that are themselves in heat, coming into heat or were recently in heat are most likely to mount a cow that is in heat. Cows that are at the mid-stages of their cycles (day 5 to about day 16) are least likely to mount a cow that is in heat and consequently could be termed "poor heat detectors". Similarly, cows that are pregnant show less interest in mounting other cows that are in heat. In smaller herds and as more cows become pregnant the likelihood of more than one cow being heat on any given day becomes less, consequently, making heat detection more difficult. The single most important factor affecting heat detection efficiency is that those responsible for checking for heat should fully understand the signs of heat and be fully committed to heat detection for as long as it is planned to use AI. Technological aids to improve heat detection include the use of tail paint, oestrous synchronisation, vasectomised bulls, pressure activated heat mount detectors, radio telemetric devices, pressure sensitive mount count devices and pedometers. As herd size increases and labour become more expensive there will be a greater adoption of some of these technological aids. heat / detection / cattleRésumé -Manifestation et détection de l'oestrus chez les bovins. Dans les élevages où l'on utilise l'insémination artificielle (IA) les taux de détection des chaleurs et de mises bas sont les deux déterminants majeurs du rapprochement des mises bas et de la proportion de vaches qui ne conçoi-vent pas dans une période définie de reproduction. La manifestation des chaleurs est affectée par de nombreux facteurs incluant, la surface du sol, les problèmes de membres et de pieds et l'état des congénères. Le nombre de montes que subit une vache augmente avec le nombre de femelles en chaleurs simultanément, jusqu'à 3-4 vaches. En général, les vaches en chaleur, sur le point de l'être ou qui viennent de l'être sont moins propices à monter une autre femelle en chaleur. Les vaches qui sont en milieu de cycle (J5 à J16) ont peu de chance d'en monter une autre et pourraient donc, être dénommées « faible détectrices de chaleurs ». De façon similaire, les vaches gestantes montrent moins d'intérêt dans la monte que d'autres vaches en chaleurs. Dans les troupeaux plus petits et plus il y a de vaches gestantes, la probabilité pour que plus d'une vache arrive en chaleurs à un jour

show abstract

“…Cooke et al (2012) found that more excitable or aggressive beef heifers had lower pregnancy rates and that extra handling before breeding paid dividends by lowering cortisol levels and the time to puberty. Stevenson et al (1996) compared heat detection in beef heifers using visual monitoring compared with radiotelemetric recording. The visual observations failed to detect 37% of animals in heat, particularly those with a short duration of oestrus.…”

Section: Heifer Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for life time production in dairy and beef cattle

Wathes

Pollott

Johnson

et al. 2014

Animal

141

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rearing period has a key influence on the later performance of cattle, affecting future fertility and longevity. Producers usually aim to breed replacement heifers by 15 months to calve at 24 months. An age at first calving (AFC) close to 2 years (23 to 25 months) is optimum for economic performance as it minimises the non-productive period and maintains a seasonal calving pattern. This is rarely achieved in either dairy or beef herds, with average AFC for dairy herds usually between 26 and 30 months. Maintaining a low AFC requires good heifer management with adequate growth to ensure an appropriate BW and frame size at calving. Puberty should occur at least 6 weeks before the target breeding age to enable animals to undergo oestrous cycles before mating. Cattle reach puberty at a fairly consistent, but breed-dependent, proportion of mature BW. Heifer fertility is a critical component of AFC. In US Holsteins the conception rate peaked at 57% at 15 to 16 months, declining in older heifers. Wide variations in growth rates on the same farm often lead to some animals having delayed first breeding and/or conception. Oestrous synchronisation regimes and sexed semen can both be used but unless heifers have been previously well-managed the success rates may be unacceptably low. Altering the nutritional input above or below those needed for maintenance at any stage from birth to first calving clearly alters the average daily gain (ADG) in weight. In general an ADG of around 0.75 kg/day seems optimal for dairy heifers, with lower rates delaying puberty and AFC. There is some scope to vary ADG at different ages providing animals reach an adequate size by calving. Major periods of nutritional deficiency and/or severe calfhood disease will, however, compromise development with long-term adverse consequences. Infectious disease can also cause pregnancy loss/abortion. First lactation milk yield may be slightly lower in younger calving cows but lifetime production is higher as such animals usually have good fertility and survive longer. There is now extensive evidence that as long as the AFC is > 23 months then future performance is not adversely influenced. On the other hand, delayed first calving > 30 months is associated with poor survival. Underfeeding of young heifers reduces their milk production potential and is a greater problem than overfeeding. Farmers are more likely to meet the optimum AFC target of 23 to 25 months if they monitor growth rates and adjust feed accordingly.

show abstract

Detection of estrus by visual observation and radiotelemetry in peripubertal, estrus-synchronized beef heifers.

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Animal board invited review: precision livestock farming for dairy cows with a focus on oestrus detection

Animal board invited review: precision livestock farming for dairy cows with a focus on oestrus detection

Expression and detection of oestrus in cattle

Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for life time production in dairy and beef cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About