Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in saliva by real‐time PCR

Idesawa, Masataka; Sugano, Naoyuki; Ikeda, Kyoko; Oshikawa, Maiko; Takane, Masatoshi; Seki, Kazuhiko; Ito, Kazuro

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00144.x

Cited by 57 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…For other herpesviruses, including cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and 7, EBV, and KSHV, a tropism for salivary gland tissue has been shown, and shedding of those viruses into saliva is common during their reactivation, which facilitates transmission (9,11,21,22,33). Thus, the discovery of MHV-68 in salivary glands suggests that MHV-68 may be also transmitted through saliva, similar to the other ubiquitous human herpesviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Persistent Gammaherpesvirus Replication and Dynamic Interaction with the Host In Vivo

Hwang¹,

Wu²,

Tong³

et al. 2008

J Virol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Persistent Gammaherpesvirus Replication and Dynamic Interaction with the Host In Vivo

Hwang¹,

Wu²,

Tong³

et al. 2008

J Virol

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“…On the other hand, HPV may be involved in deterioration associated with periodontal disease (i.e., increased alveolar bone loss) in accordance with other pathogenic factors (18). Similarly, the presence of human viruses, including the herpes virus and Epstein-Barr virus, in periodontal sites may worsen periodontal disease (23,24). It is thus considered that human viral factors may serve a vital role in modulation of inflammatory disease in the oral cavity, such as periodontitis, as well as harbored bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High HPV16 E6 viral load in the oral cavity is associated with an increased number of bacteria: A preliminary study

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In a previous study, the present research group reported that males had a significantly higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)16 than females in oral rinse samples. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between HPV16 viral load and clinical factors, including remaining teeth, denture use and numbers of oral bacteria. A total of 124 patients (48 males and 76 females; mean age, 61.6 years; age range, 20-97 years) who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery of Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan) between November 2016 and August 2017 were analyzed. None of the patients had evidence of oral cancer or pre-malignant lesions, including epithelial dysplasia and leukoplakia. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was employed to examine the number of HPV16 viral copies. Furthermore, the number of oral bacteria was determined using the dielectrophoretic impedance measurement method. HPV16 was below the limit of detection in qPCR findings for samples obtained from 30 of the 124 subjects, thus the association of HPV16 viral copy number with clinical parameters was examined in the remaining 94 patients. The average number of HPV16 E6 DNA copies was 1.65±3.47 copies/cell (range, 0.07-25.3 copies/cell) and was significantly higher in subjects with a high oral bacteria count [≥10 6.5 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml] than in those with a low count (<10 6.5 CFU/ml) (0.79±0.98 vs. 2.06±4.11 copies/cell; P=0.030). The present results indicated that HPV16 viral load may be related to an increased bacterial number in the oral cavity. Further investigations are required to clarify the correlation between oral HPV load and oral hygiene status. IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and is also associated with the development of oropharyngeal cancer and prognosis in affected patients (1-3). To date, >170 HPV genotypes have been reported, of which ~50 are known to infect the anogenital and oral mucosa regions (4-6). As for oral cancer, a previous study conducted by the present research group indicated that ~80% of patients with HPV16-positive moderate epithelial dysplasia progressed to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), indicating that oral HPV16 infection may also be associated with the development of oral cancer (7). However, few epidemiologic studies have focused on oral HPV prevalence in non-OSCC cases and the risk factors for oral HPV infection have not been fully elucidated. Hence, we previously performed a meta-analysis, which demonstrated that sexual behavior and smoking are significant risk factors for oral HPV infection in cancer-free individuals (8). In addition, other factors, such as poor oral hygiene related to periodontitis and gingivitis, have been indicated to be associated with oral HPV infection (8).In order to examine the correlation between HPV16 prevalence in the oral cavity and clinical factors, we also investigated HPV16 prevalence using oral rinse samples obtaine...

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“…Since the mid-1990s, herpesviruses have emerged as putative pathogens in various types of periodontal diseases (13,15,18). In particular, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) seem to play important roles in the etiopathogenesis of severe types of periodontitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Infections with Different Genotypes of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Subgingival Samples and Periodontal Status of Patients

Wu¹,

Yan

Ojcius

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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Accumulating evidence indicates that herpesviruses may be putative pathogens in various types of periodontal diseases. The present study was performed to examine infections with different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in subgingival samples from a Chinese population and to analyze the correlation with periodontal status. A nested PCR assay was used to identify the presence of HCMV, EBV type 1 (EBV-1), and EBV-2; and the amplicons were further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. HCMV was detected in 79.0% of 143 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients, 78.5% of 65 gingivitis patients, and 76.3% of 76 periodontally healthy individuals, while EBV was found in 63.6%, 32.3%, and 30.3% of the three groups of subjects, respectively. The HCMV-positive PCR products from all the samples were identified as corresponding to gB genotype I (gB-I) or gB-II. HCMV gB-II (62.9%), EBV-1 (43.4%), and EBV-2 (18.2%) were associated with CP at higher frequencies (P < 0.05), whereas HCMV gB-I was more often observed in gingivitis patients (40.0%) and healthy individuals (40.8%) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a higher rate of coinfection with HCMV and EBV was shown in CP patients (52.4%), especially dual infections with HCMV gB-II and EBV-1 (30.8%) or HCMV gB-II and EBV-2 (12.6%), compared with the rates of single infections with HCMV or EBV (P < 0.05). Infection with HCMV gB-II, EBV-1, or EBV-2 was correlated with higher rates of bleeding on probing (P < 0.05). In patients infected with HCMV gB-II or both HCMV and EBV, including HCMV gB-II and EBV-1, a deeper probing depth or more serious attachment loss was found (P < 0.05). These findings clearly indicate that HCMV gB-II is the dominant genotype detected in subgingival samples in CP. HCMV gB-II infection and HCMV gB-II coinfection with EBV-1 are closely associated with periodontal tissue inflammation and destruction.

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Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in saliva by real‐time PCR

Cited by 57 publications

References 32 publications

Persistent Gammaherpesvirus Replication and Dynamic Interaction with the Host In Vivo

Persistent Gammaherpesvirus Replication and Dynamic Interaction with the Host In Vivo

High HPV16 E6 viral load in the oral cavity is associated with an increased number of bacteria: A preliminary study

Correlation between Infections with Different Genotypes of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Subgingival Samples and Periodontal Status of Patients

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