Detection of Elemental Sulfur in Gasoline by Sommer Test

Mapstone, George E

doi:10.1021/i560156a014

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, methods for determining trace amounts of elemental sulfur have been a great challenge in the area of chemical analysis. The large number of analytical methods that have been proposed for determination of elemental sulfur indicates that there is no established quantitative method for the direct determination of trace quantities of elemental sulfur in petroleum matrices [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In fact, the most common methods found in the literature were developed to quantify total sulfur [5] and sulfide [1,8] compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical determination of elemental sulfur in Brazilian naphtha: method and validation

et al. 2009

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Sulfur compounds in petroleum have caused several problems such as corrosion of equipment, lack of high quality final products, and emission of toxic gases into the environment. Elemental sulfur can increase these problems, since small amounts of it turn mercaptans into potential corrosion agents. This paper describes the applicability of a voltammetric method to quantify elemental sulfur in Brazilian naphtha samples. Elemental sulfur was quantified in synthetic and real samples using square wave voltammetry and a hanging mercury drop electrode. The method was found to have low limits of detection (0.003 mg L -1 ) and quantification (0.009 mg L -1 ) and a good recovery range (94.0-108.6%). This voltammetric method has potential for use in elemental sulfur determination in naphtha samples containing mercaptans and aliphatic and aromatic disulfides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical determination of elemental sulfur in Brazilian naphtha: method and validation

et al. 2009

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“…ELEMENTAL sulfur in petroleum products presents an important problem in the industry because of the ease with which it is formed and its corrosive nature. In contact with most metals, elemental sulfur reacts to form the metal sulfides.The corrosive action of elemental sulfur on mercury, copper, and silver has been used for some time as a semiquantitative test for sulfur in petroleum products (1,6,9). During recent years more accurate quantitative methods have become increasingly important in the development and evaluation of new refinery processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corrosive action of elemental sulfur on mercury, copper, and silver has been used for some time as a semiquantitative test for sulfur in petroleum products (1,6,9). During recent years more accurate quantitative methods have become increasingly important in the development and evaluation of new refinery processes.…”

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Polarographic Determination of Elemental Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Gregory¹,

Matsuyama²

1956

Anal. Chem.

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A method has been developed for the polarographic determination of elemental sulfur present in liquefied petroleum gases in concentrations as low as 0.01 p.p.m. Samples of liquefied petroleum gases are collected in specially fitted stainless steel bombs. After volatilization of the sample, elemental sulfur remaining in the sample bomb is dissolved in a pyridine-methanol-hydrochloric acid solvent and the resulting solution electrolyzed polarographically. ELEMENTAL sulfur in petroleum products presents an important problem in the industry because of the ease with which it is formed and its corrosive nature. In contact with most metals, elemental sulfur reacts to form the metal sulfides.The corrosive action of elemental sulfur on mercury, copper, and silver has been used for some time as a semiquantitative test for sulfur in petroleum products (1,6,9). During recent years more accurate quantitative methods have become increasingly important in the development and evaluation of new refinery processes.

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Some experiments on sulfur as inhibitor for the polymerization of styrene

Bartlett

Trifan

1956

J. Polym. Sci.

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EXPERIMENTAL Distillation of Styrene. The styrciir nioiiomer employed in all of the work described was Eastniaii Grade 1465 stabilized with tert-butylcatecliol. The monomer was freed from the stabilizer by distillation from a 500-or 1000-ml. round-bottomed side-arm flask with a standard taper joint through an Win. Vigreux column employing a spray-trap condenser. The distillation from the above all-glass apparatus was carried out a t the reduced pressure of the water aspirator (11-17 ml. of mercury) with a potassium hydroxide-lime tube in the vacuum line between the aspirator and apparatus. The capillary was connected to a tank of prepurified grade nitrogen in order to exclude oxygen during the distillation. A forerun of about 15% was rejected together with a residue of about 20% left in the distillation pot. The purity of the styrene monomer was tested by bromine titration.The sulfur employed was C.P. grade, large rhombic crystals from carbon disulfide, manufactured by City Chemical Corporation of New York City. The sulfur was recrystallized from hot reagent benzene and came out as small, granular rhombic crystals.In the hope of arriving at a spectrophotometric method for analysis of solutions of sulfur in styrene, the following experiment was performed. After first demonstrating that sulfur solutions in styrene obey Beer's law, a 0.01% (by weight) solution of sulfur in styrene was sealed in two tubes in oucuo and heated a t 100" in a steam cone. One tube was removed after 5.5 hours, well beyond the end of the predicted 2.5-hour induction period. The absorption data obtained on these samples using pure styrene as a standard are plotted in Figure 6. It is evident that the product absorbed more strongly than the original sulfur molecule and that there is no spectral region where sulfur absorbs and the products are transparent.In some preliminary work the polymerization rate of pure liquid styrene and of styrene containing benzoquirione and various concentrations of sulfur was measured with a modified Gardner-Holdt bubble rise visc.ometer.l0Because of insensitivity at low values of q,, this rough viscometric method indicated apparent complete inhibition periods of different durations for all samples except that of pure styrene. These apparent induction periods increased with increasing conceritratiori of sulfur and for comparative purposes served t o locate the 0.00209 M benzoquinone solution between the 0.00026 M and 0.00104 M sulfur solutions.One viscometric rate determination was carried out in a more sensitive calibrated closed viscometer of the Ostwald type which permitted degassing and observation of emux times without removal from the thermostat. Using this instrument, small changes in relative viscosity could be detected after about three hours in the presence of 0.00206 molar sulfur in styrene at 80.89". The whole curve resembled that from a parallel dilatometric experiment, including the accelerated increase in slope be-Sulfur. Ultraviolet Spectra.Viscometric Rate Measurements.

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Detection of Elemental Sulfur in Gasoline by Sommer Test

Abstract: The sensitivity of various tests for the detection of elemental sulfur in gasoline has been determined; and a modification of the Sommer test is described which is about five times as sensitive as the customary inverted doctor test using butyl mercaptan.

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Electrochemical determination of elemental sulfur in Brazilian naphtha: method and validation

Electrochemical determination of elemental sulfur in Brazilian naphtha: method and validation

Polarographic Determination of Elemental Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Some experiments on sulfur as inhibitor for the polymerization of styrene

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