Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild boars in France using PCR techniques against larval form

Genetic structuring and differentiation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Slovakia assessed by sequencing and isoenzyme studies

“…Consistent differences observed in the examined Slovak sample, associated with one/three bases compared with the remaining isolates tested before at the CO1 locus, are suggestive of a genetically unique population circulating in the region. Furthermore, the identical sequences of the Slovak isolates and the French isolates examined by Boucher et al (2005) indicate that this variant is present in a larger territory of west-central Europe, and is distinguishable from the common M1 variant of E. multilocularis confirmed in the western part of Asia and North America. This corresponds to findings in neighbouring Poland by Kedra et al (2000) who obtained unique ND1 sequences of four Polish isolates that were more similar to the M1 variant (0.6 % difference) than to the M2 variant (1.1 % difference).…”

“…All detected substitutions corresponded to transitions-type mutations. In the analyzed fragment, Slovak isolates shared all sequences with the two French isolates from wild boar published by Boucher et al (2005). A representative sequence of the Em in Slovakia was deposited in GenBank under the accession no.…”

“…Of the sequenced 12 Em isolates sequenced, 5 originated from Central Slovakia, 4 from Western Slovakia and 3 from Eastern Slovakia, with 11 districts involved as a capturing site of respective red foxes. All Em isolates possessed fully identical COI sequences, differing at one (0.3 %) nucleotide site (position 65; A -G transition) from the M1 variant and at three (0.8 %) sites (positions 3, 43, Boucher et al (2005) Brought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/13/18 5:28 AM and 65) from the M2 variant (Table 1). All detected substitutions corresponded to transitions-type mutations.…”

Combining information from surveys of several species to estimate the probability of freedom from Echinococcus multilocularis in Sweden, Finland and mainland Norway

“…Reports of EM found in wild boars [21,22] were not considered sufficient for estimation of the design prevalence. However, wild boars are expected to be more exposed to EM than domestic pigs, hence it was decided to use twice the design prevalence of pigs, i.e .…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) regarding the assessment of the risk of Echinococcosis introduction into the UK, Ireland, Sweden, Malta and Finland as a consequence of abandoning national rules

“…Histopathology is required for the confirmation of the aetiology of the lesions observed (Houin et al, 1982). Development of the larva is incomplete (no protoscolex) in some intermediate or aberrant hosts, as has been reported in pig and wild boar (Pfister et al, 1993;Sydler et al, 1998;Boucher et al, 2005;Deplazes et al, 2005). As an aid to diagnosis, identification of small or atypical lesions can be done using molecular biology or immunohistochemistry (Lightowlers and Gottstein, 1995;.…”