Detection of DNA strand breaks by comet assay in sputum leucocytes of bitumen-exposed workers: A pilot study

Marczyński, Boleslaw; Raulf‐Heimsoth, Monika; Pesch, Beate; Kendzia, Benjamin; Hu, Käfferlein; B, Vosshans; Borowitzki, Gerda; Eh, Lee; Bramer, Rainer; Brüning, Thomas

doi:10.1177/0960327109359635

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Three (3.7%) studies were made on welding fumes and solvent based paints [ 96 ], metals (zinc and copper) smelting work [ 60 ], and gold jewellery fumes [ 76 ]. Furthermore, other studies in the selected papers were found, such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, metals and silica [ 58 ], perchloroethylene [ 66 ], DDT, DDE together with arsenic and lead [ 73 ], bitumen [ 86 , 87 ], cement [ 98 ], tobacco smoke [ 108 ], and 1-bromopropane [ 103 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significantly higher DNA damage levels, as evaluated by the comet assay, were observed in 66 of these studies (81.5%). The remaining studies (n = 15, 18.5%) did not show statically significant results, namely PAH exposure [ 39 , 54 , 55 ], coke-oven PAH exposure [ 106 , 110 , 111 , 114 ], smelting [ 60 ], dust [ 64 , 107 ], traffic air pollution [ 71 ], JP-8 jet fuel [ 79 ], diesel exhaust [ 97 ], bitumen [ 86 ], and tobacco dust [ 108 ]. The study from Cavallo [ 52 ], in six graphene workers and eleven controls, used three comet descriptors, reaching statistically significant results with % DNA in the tail but not by using the tail moment and length.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals—A Systematic Scoping Review

Ladeira,

Møller,

Giovannelli

et al. 2024

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals—A Systematic Scoping Review

Ladeira,

Møller,

Giovannelli

et al. 2024

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…51 Therefore, p53 is increased upon DNA damage, and combination of the comet assay with detection of molecular markers, such as p53, offers a comprehensive approach for the assessment of DNA damage in vitro. 52 IL-8 expression has been reported to be increased by DNA strand breaks 53 and in renal cancer. 54 CXCL5 is known to be increased in renal cell carcinoma patients, and this change in CXCL5 expression is accompanied by DNA fragmentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenic activity of PbS quantum dots screened using exosomal biomarkers secreted from HEK293 cells

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) have been applied in the biomedical area because they offer an excellent platform for theragnostic applications. In order to comprehensively evaluate the biocompatibility of PbS QDs in human cells, we analyzed the exosomes secreted from cells because exosomes are released during cellular stress to convey signals to other cells and serve as a reservoir of enriched biomarkers. PbS QDs were synthesized and coated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to allow the particles to disperse in water. Exosomes were isolated from HEK293 cells treated with PbS–MPA at concentrations of 0 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL, and the exosomal expression levels of miRNAs and proteins were analyzed. As a result, five miRNAs and two proteins were proposed as specific exosomal biomarkers for the exposure of HEK293 cells to PbS–MPA. Based on the pathway analysis, the molecular signature of the exosomes suggested that PbS–MPA QDs had carcinogenic activity. The comet assay and expression of molecular markers, such as p53, interleukin (IL)-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine 5, indicated that DNA damage occurred in HEK293 cells following PbS–MPA exposure, which supported the carcinogenic activity of the particles. In addition, there was obvious intensification of miRNA expression signals in the exosomes compared with that of the parent cells, which suggested that exosomal biomarkers could be detected more sensitively than those of whole cellular extracts.

show abstract

Bitumen (Dampf und Aerosol bei der Heißverarbeitung) [MAK value documentation in German language, 2019]

Hartwig

Arand

2019

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the classification of bitumen [ 8052‐42‐4 ; 64741‐56‐6 ; 64742‐93‐4 ] in Carcinogen Category 2 considering all toxicological endpoints. New data allowed a separate assessment of the harmful properties of vapours and aerosols from high‐temperature processing of two bitumen groups. Straight‐Run and Air‐Rectified Bitumen For the derivation of a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), a 2‐year inhalation study in rats exposed to vapours and aerosols from a mixture of straight‐run and air‐rectified bitumen is used. Due to an increased incidence of bronchioalveolar hyperplasia in the lungs and of inflammatory cells in the nasal epithelium, the study resulted in a NOAEC of 6 mg/m 3 . Taking into account the extrapolation from an animal study and the increased respiratory volume at the workplace compared with the exposure of the animals at rest, a MAK value of 1.5 mg/m 3 (sum of vapour and inhalable fraction) is derived for straight‐run and air‐rectified bitumen based on bitumen condensate standard. The MAK value is one‐third of the mean concentration at which three out of 12 inflammation markers are elevated in the sputum of exposed workers. However, the clinical relevance of this finding is unclear and the margin to the MAK value is considered sufficient. The effects on the lung is the most sensitive endpoint, so vapours and aerosols of bitumen are assigned to Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 2. All in all, the investigated straight‐run and air‐rectified bitumens did not exhibit distinct genotoxic or carcinogenic properties. However, due to the wide range in the chemical composition, harmful emissions of carcinogenic and mutagenic substances during high‐temperature processing cannot be completely excluded. Therefore, vapours and aerosols of straight‐run and air‐rectified bitumens, as commonly used in road paving, are regarded as suspicious carcinogens and classified in Carcinogen Category 3 B. As no data are available for developmental toxicity they are assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and the “H” notation is confirmed. Sensitization is not expected from the available data. Oxidized Bitumen There are no inhalation studies available for evaluation of the carcinogenicity of oxidized bitumen (“Roofing Bitumen”). The new animal studies published since 2001 and most of the previous studies show the carcinogenicity of condensates of vapours and aerosols of oxidized bitumens in skin painting studies in mice, so that a significant number of tested oxidized bitumens must be considered carcinogenic. The positive animal experiments on the carcinogenicity are consistent with the results of a genotoxicity study in roofing workers with increased DNA strand break rates. Vapours and aerosols of oxidized bitumen are classified in Carcinogen Category 2. A MAK value could not be derived. Mutations in bacteria and higher levels of benzo[a]pyrene in oxidized bitumen condensates compared to those of straight‐run and air‐rectified bitumen and the systemic availability of inhaled vapours and aerosols of oxidized bitumen support suspicion of germ cell mutagenicity. Therefore, vapours and aerosols of oxidized bitumen are classified in Category 3 B for germ cell mutagens. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and the “H” notation is confirmed. Sensitization is not expected from the available data.

show abstract

Detection of DNA strand breaks by comet assay in sputum leucocytes of bitumen-exposed workers: A pilot study

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals—A Systematic Scoping Review

The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals—A Systematic Scoping Review

Carcinogenic activity of PbS quantum dots screened using exosomal biomarkers secreted from HEK293 cells

Bitumen (Dampf und Aerosol bei der Heißverarbeitung) [MAK value documentation in German language, 2019]

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About