Detection of DNA in virgin olive oils extracted from destoned fruits

Olive Oil Traceability

“…In fact, DNA in oil is not affected by the environment and is identical to the mother tree DNA since the oil containing tissues are formed by diploid somatic cells of the tree (Muzzalupo et al, 2007). However, depending on the molecular markers used correctly, extra alleles can be detected in the oil that do not correspond to the mother tree allele but to the pollinator alleles contained in the embryo, itself located inside the seed (Muzzalupo and Perri, 2002;Ben Ayed et al, 2010).…”

“…Even in a complex matrix such as olive oil, molecular marker techniques such as RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA, Pasqualone et al, 2001;Muzzalupo and Perri, 2002). ), AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphism, Pafundo et al, 2005;Montemurro et al, 2007) and SSRs (simple sequence repeat, Muzzalupo et al, 2007;Breton et al, 2004;Bracci et al, 2011;Ben Ayed et al, 2009) are very useful in the study of the traceability of olive oil. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers have been recently developed in olive and utilized to study the genetic diversity of olive trees (Reale et al, 2006).…”

Fruit Germplasm Characterization: Genomics Approaches for the Valorisation of Genetic Diversity

“…Assessments of microsatellite markers, RAPD profiles, AFLPs, and RFLPs provide direct genotypic information, which has numerous, valuable applications in genetic studies. The main advantages of generating RAPD profiles are the technique's simplicity and low cost (Bogani et al, 1994;Fabbri et al, 1995;Wiesman et al, 1998;Belaj et al, 2001;Muzzalupo et al, 2007a). Nevertheless, RAPD experiments demonstrate poor reproducibility, which hampers comparison between individual studies.…”

“…Nevertheless, RAPD experiments demonstrate poor reproducibility, which hampers comparison between individual studies. Experiments assessing an organism's AFLP markers are more technically demanding than RAPD but are highly effective in detecting DNA polymorphisms (Angiolillo et al, 1999;Baldoni et al, 2000;Muzzalupo et al, 2007a;Owen et al, 2005). In contrast to a plant species' chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), which occasionally can be insufficiently variable for intra-species comparison (Wolfe et al, 1987;Amane et al, 1999;Lumaret et al, 2000;Besnard et al, 2002), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within a given species varies enormously in terms of organization, size, structure, and gene arrangement (Brennicke et al, 1996).…”

“…They have proven to be very useful in the characterization of genetic diversity of plants for which few genomic data are available (Qian et al, 2001;Bandelj et al, 2002). RAPD markers were the first ones to be implemented to study diversity of the species Olea europaea (Belaj et al, 2001), to discriminate olive varieties (Khadari et al, 2003;Muzzalupo et al, 2007a), to study inter or intra-variety genetic diversity (Wiesman et al, 1998;Mekuria et al, 2001, Muzzalupo andBelaj et al, 2002Belaj et al, , 2003Gemas et al, 2004), to establish genetic relationships between varieties (Belaj et al, 2002(Belaj et al, , 2003Besnard et al, 2002;Khadari et al, 2003;Muzzalupo et al, 2007a), and to study genetic differentiation in the olive complex (Besnard et al, 2001;Martins-Lopes et al, 2008). As early as their use in genetic studies RAPD markers has been used for the authentication and traceability of olive oil (Pasqualone et al, 2001;Muzzalupo and Perri, 2002).…”