Detection of Dichlorvos Residue in Cowpea Grains, Six Months after Application Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Yusuf, S. R.; Lawan, S. H.; Wudil, B. S.; Sule, H

doi:10.9734/arja/2017/37992

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Time is an important factor in storage especially with the use of chemicals. The time it takes for a pesticide to be metabolize into inactive compounds or completely broken down during storage is known as its waiting period [14]. Each agrochemical has its waiting period which must be adhered to for safety of human consumers.…”

Section: Distribution Of Respondents Based On Storage Time Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Common Pesticides Used in Storage of Agricultural Produce within Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Pii

Wuana

Malu

et al. 2019

AJACR

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The objective of the study was to survey the common pesticides used in postharvest storage of agricultural produce within Makurdi, Nigeria and to test the knowledge of the farmers and marketers on the health effects of these chemicals. The study provides information on the type of pesticides used by farmers, marketers and consumers of stored agricultural food products such as cowpea, yam chips, cassava chips, sesame seeds, maize and soybeans being major farm produces found within Makurdi and Benue State in general. Selection of 100 respondents were done using simple random sampling techniques across five major markets (Modern, Wurukum, North bank, Wadata and High level markets) through structured interview schedule. Socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentages. Percentages were used to determine the common storage pesticides used within Makurdi, storage time, the frequency of customer purchase and perceived health impact of the storage pesticides. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that 51% of the respondents were males with 41% between the ages of 30-39. Married respondents accounted for 52% and 48% having household sizes of 1-5, only 20% had no form of formal education and 75% were marketers. In a multiple response schedule, aluminium phosphate tablets ranked 80% for storage pesticide while dichlovos was 60%, DDT 35%. Others such as endosulfan, gamalin, carbofuran, carbendazim and permethrin were between 5-15%. Furthermore the study revealed the use of many restricted and obsolete pesticides still in use within this state and in outrageous quantities which could pose health challenge to consumers of these food products.

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Section: Distribution Of Respondents Based On Storage Time Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Common Pesticides Used in Storage of Agricultural Produce within Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Pii

Wuana

Malu

et al. 2019

AJACR

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“…In the bid to reduce weevil induced postharvest loss, cowpea marketers in Nigeria employ various strategies, including the use of aluminum phosphide, organochlorine, organophosphate pesticides, and unconventional pesticides which are not classified or accepted as food preservatives. Residues of these pesticides have been observed in cowpea samples from food markets in the country at various times and, for the accepted ones, at levels exceeding the safe maximum residue limit (MLR) (Ogah et al, 2012;Olufade et al, 2014;Yusuf et al, 2017;Zira et al, 2018;Olutona and Aderemi, 2019;Saheed et al, 2020;Okoye et al, 2021). In the last quarter of 2018, the Consumer Protection Council (CPC) in the country released a memo alerting consumers on the use of unsafe pesticides by marketers to reduce weevil infestation in cowpea (FCCPC, 2018a, b;Premium Times -Nigeria, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumers’ aversion to food safety risk associated with cowpea storage In Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Nelson,

Eneyo,

Etim

2024

Agro-Sci.

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When consumers are averse to food risk, they take proactive steps that will eliminate or reduce their exposure to such risks, which in turn can contribute to reducing the global burden of disease. This study assessed consumers’ aversion to food safety risk associated with cowpea storage. The analysis used survey data from 120 consumers collected through interviews with the use of questionnaire. Consumers’ response to the food hazard information under consideration was analyzed descriptively and the predisposing factors for receiving information and being averse to food risks were analyzed using probit regression. About 22.50% of respondents were implicitly excluded from making informed decisions given that they did not receive the food hazard information. Most respondents (55.91%) who received the information are averse to the associated risks, but majority of those who are averse (92.31%) focused on reducing their risk exposure and the severity of possible health effects rather than eliminating the risk. Also, up to 86% of those who initially exhibited extreme risk avoidance behaviours switched to tolerant ones. These findings highlight the extent to which behaviours are sustained while food hazards at issue may still exist, the importance of ensuring non-exclusivity in disseminating food safety alerts and information, and the need to design consumer focused interventions to ensure safe food consumption pending the strengthening of relevant food safety institutions in developing regions.

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“…Application of these synthetic insecticides to control pests is directly done on cowpea grains which have been the usual practice and more intensive among merchants/ traders in Nigeria. Reports from the study of Yusuf et al (2017) revealed misuse/ abusive application of pesticides on stored cowpea grains at Dawanau grains market (largest grains market in West Africa) in Kano State, the Northern part of Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate DDVP (SNIPER)) Toxicity on Histological Organs of Wistar Rats Fed on Treated Cowpea Grains (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

Fayinminnu¹,

Adebimpe²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2022

JAS

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Cowpea is an important grain legume that provides half of the plant protein and is consumed worldwide. The crop is usually affected by pests on the field and in storage which always result in huge losses, hence being controlled by using synthetic pesticides. However, consumption of cowpea grains treated with synthetic pesticides had resulted in bioaccumulation and several health-related problems. Therefore, this study examined the toxic effects of Dichlorvos (DDVP) treated cowpea grains fed to Wistar rats for four weeks. Sixteen male rats weighing 125±20g were used for this experiment. They were randomly divided into four groups of four rats each including the control and acclimatised for one week fed with Standard Feed Ratio (SFR). The DDVP (98% purity) was applied at the rates of 0 (control), 0.23, 0.33, and 0.43mL/kg directly to 1kg cowpea grains of IT 89k-391, respectively. Treated cowpea grains were milled (with a 2 mm sieve) and mixed with SFR and fed to the animals daily for four weeks. Data were collected weeks after treatment (WAT) on feed intake, body weight gain/loss, hematology, and, serum chemistry and analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05, while histopathology was examined. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all the parameters. There was a reduction in feed intake and body weights progressively in DDVP cowpea treated animals, while the control animals increased. Hematological parameters showed 0.23 mL/kg DDVP recording the highest hemoglobin (g/dl) (17.00±1.16), while the lowest value in white blood cells (1100±5.78 x 103/µL), and 0.43 mL/kg recorded the lowest and highest red blood cells (103/µL) (5.34±0.78) and (8.83±0.23) all between 1 and 4 WAT. Serum parameters revealed Total protein having lowest values (5.22±0.01, 5.13±0.01, 5.18±0.01) from 0.23, 0.33, and 0.43 mL/kg DDVP treated animals. Alkaline phosphate, Aspartate aminotransferase, and Alanine transaminase recorded the highest values from 0.43 and 0.33 mL/kg treatments at 3 and 4 WAT, respectively. Histopathology at 1 to 4 WAT revealed capillary congestion with necrotic changes, severe cell infiltration of interstitial and parenchyma with inflammatory cells in the kidneys of 0.23, and 0.33 mL/kg DDVP cowpea fed animals. On liver organs, 0.23, 0.33, and 0.43 mL/kg treatments showed necrosis, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, and congestion with distinct cysts and granular formation. The central portions of livers were pale and distinct patterns of arrangement in cords were absent. However, the control animals recorded the highest values in the aforementioned parameters with clear and normal liver and kidney organs in the experiment. In this study, varied changes observed on the hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters at 0.23, 0.33, and 0.43 mL/kg dichlorvos (DDVP) treated cowpea grains could result in impairment of vital organs, hence ill health issues. Continued use of dichlorvos for cowpea grains in preservation should be discouraged to prevent health problems and promote high-quality nutrition and safe food.

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Detection of Dichlorvos Residue in Cowpea Grains, Six Months after Application Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Survey of Common Pesticides Used in Storage of Agricultural Produce within Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Survey of Common Pesticides Used in Storage of Agricultural Produce within Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Consumers’ aversion to food safety risk associated with cowpea storage In Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate DDVP (SNIPER)) Toxicity on Histological Organs of Wistar Rats Fed on Treated Cowpea Grains (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

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