Detection of Diazepam and Determination of Time of Ingestion

McBurney, L J

doi:10.1080/00085030.1981.10756886

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…TG and OG are phase II metabolites of diazepam; there have been studies stating that the glucuronide metabolites of diazepam have higher concentrations and longer detection windows in urine [ 15 , 29 ]. However, none of the pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam glucuronide metabolites are currently available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Participants

Wang

Ren

et al. 2022

Drugs R D

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Background Urine is conventionally used as a specimen to document diazepam-related crimes; however, few reports have described the pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its metabolites in urine. Objective This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its metabolites, including glucuronide compounds, in the urine of Chinese participants. Methods A total of 28 volunteers were recruited and each participant ingested 5 mg of diazepam orally. Ten milliliters of urine were collected from each participant at post-consumption timepoints of prior (zero), 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h and 2, 3, 6, 12, and 15 days. All samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Diazepam and its main metabolites, except for temazepam, were detected in the urine of volunteers. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using the pharmacokinetic software DAS according to the non-compartment model. Results Urinary diazepam peaked at 2.38 ng/mL (C max ) and 1.93 h (T max ). The urinary metabolite nordiazepam peaked at 1.17 ng/mL and 100.21 h; temazepam glucuronide (TG) peaked at 145.61 ng/mL and 41.14 h; and oxazepam glucuronide (OG) peaked at 101.57 ng/mL and 165.86 h. The elimination half-life (t ½z ) and clearance (CLz/F) for diazepam were 119.58 h and 65.77 L/h, respectively. The t ½z of the metabolites nordiazepam, TG, and OG was 310.58 h, 200.17 h, and 536.44 h, respectively. Finally, this study found that both diazepam and its main metabolites in urine were detectable for at least 15 days, although there were individual differences. ConclusionThe results regarding diazepam pharmacokinetics in urine would be of great help in forensic science and drug screening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Participants

Wang

Ren

et al. 2022

Drugs R D

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An Experimental Study of Diazepam and Alprazolam Kinetics in Urine and Oral Fluid Following Single Oral Doses

Temte

Kjeldstadli

Bruun

et al. 2018

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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Forensic aspects of the metabolism and excretion of cannabinoids following oral ingestion of cannabis resin

Law

Mason

Moffat

et al. 1984

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

101

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Following oral ingestion of cannabis resin, delta 9-THC-11-oic acid and its O-ester glucuronide were detected using RIA and combined hplc/RIA and shown to be major plasma metabolites of delta 9-THC. delta 9-THC-11-oic acid was not excreted in the urine in significant concentrations, the glucuronide conjugate being the major urinary metabolite detected. delta 9-THC metabolites were detected in blood for up to 5 days and in urine for up to 12 days following a single oral dose of delta 9-THC (20 mg). Estimates for the half life of delta 9-THC-11-oic acid and its glucuronide in plasma, and total metabolites in urine have been obtained. Interpretation of blood or urine total cannabinoid levels is most difficult, however, drug/metabolite ratios and metabolite/metabolite ratios may have potential for indicating recent cannabis use.

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Detection of Diazepam and Determination of Time of Ingestion

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Participants

Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Participants

An Experimental Study of Diazepam and Alprazolam Kinetics in Urine and Oral Fluid Following Single Oral Doses

Forensic aspects of the metabolism and excretion of cannabinoids following oral ingestion of cannabis resin

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