Detection of diarrhoea associated rotavirus and co-infection with diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the Littoral region of Cameroon using ELISA, RT-PCR and Luminex xTAG GPP assays

Ghapoutsa, Rahinatou N.; Boda, Maurice; Gautam, Rashi; Ndze, Valantine Ngum; Mugyia, Akongnwi E.; Etoa, François–Xavier; Bowen, Michael D.; Esona, Mathew D.

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06318-x

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As observed with previous studies [13,14,21,22] that younger children (0-12 months of age) are more susceptible to RVA than older ones. In the present study RVA infection within the age group of 0-11 months has the highest prevalence rate (44.4%, p = 0.03) (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It is thus evident that 37.8% constituting the remaining cases are due to other pathogens not included in the diagnostic panel. Among these, RVA is surely a prime cause, very likely with co-infections, as recently noticed in the littoral region of Cameroon [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Another reason that can justify the low RVA prevalence is that we carried out this cross sectional study during the rainy season, a period of the year not favourable to long settlement of pathogens on surfaces. In a recent study carried out in the Littoral region of Cameroon, a neighbouring country to Chad republic, Ghapoutsa et al obtained a RVA prevalence of 54.6% using the same method (VP6 protein detection by ELISA, 57% of which were fully vaccinated [13]. Giving the high flow of goods, cattle and humans between Chad and Cameroon, this study could be greatly suggestive to the heath authority in Chad, not only to introduce RVA vaccination, but also, to engage prior study to detect circulating strains for a better choice of the vaccine to be applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In Africa, rotavirus is an important cause of severe diarrheal disease in children 5 years of age [12]. Because of its high burden, more than 34 countries in Africa have introduced rotavirus vaccine to their national immunization programs, adopting the monovalent Rotarix, Rotavac, and Rotasiilor the pentavalent RotaTeq [13,14]. Prior to vaccine introduction, RVA infection prevalence was estimated at 42% in resource limited African countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad

Djikoloum,

Abakar,

Ndze

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhoea in infants and children under 5 years of age. Unlike many countries in the world where RVA surveillance/control is active, in Chad , there is currently no applied RVA immunization program and surveillance strategy. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of RVA gastroenteritis among children under five years of age in N’Djamena. Method This study comprised two parts: (1) A cross-sectional study carried in four hospitals in N’Djamena between August and November 2019, to determine infection risk factors and evidence of RVA infection among children aged five and below, consulted or hospitalized for diarrhea. An ELISA based RVA VP6 protein detection was used to determine RVA infection prevalence. Infection results and sociodemographic data were statistically analysed to determine RVA infection risk factors. (2) A retrospective study that consisted of analysing the records of stool examinations of the period from January 2016 to December 2018, to determine the prevalence of infectious gastroenteritis among the target population. Results For the cross-sectional study, RVA infection prevalence was 12.76% (18/141) with males (61.11%) being more affected (sex ratio: 1.57). Children below 12 months were the most affected age group (44.44%) and 44.4% were malnourished. The mean Vesikari score shows that 38.8% of children have a high severity level and 41.1% have a moderate level. For the retrospective study, 2,592 cases of gastroenteritis hospitalization were analysed; 980 out of 2,592 cases (37.81%) of hospitalization due to diarrhoea were due to diarrhoeagenic pathogens including Emtamoeba hystolitica, Gardia lamblia, Trichomonas hominis, Hymenolepis nana, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Cases of diarrhoea with negative pathogen search were 1,612 cases (62.19%). The diarrhoea peak was observed during the dry seasons, and the age group under 11 months was the most affected was (57.3%). Conclusion This study describes the evidence of RVA infection among diarrhoeic children below five years of age in N’Djamena, thus indicates a serious health burden. Malnourishment younger age was the higher risk factor. Further studies are needed to determine the circulating strains prior to considering introduction of RVA vaccine and setup a routine rotavirus surveillance in Chad.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad

Djikoloum,

Abakar,

Ndze

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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“…The evaluation of the protective efficiency of ETEC vaccine candidates requires a suitable animal infection model [ 11 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] that is also suitable for the development of antibiotic alternatives for in vivo anti-ETEC activities [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Reported ETEC infection models have typically used methods such as plate counting, quantitative PCR for unique virulence genes, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect and quantify ETEC [ 25 , 26 ]. However, ETEC is also widespread in the environment, such as in food, water, and bioaerosols [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], which renders the quantification of ETEC less specific and poorly targeted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli BE311 for Fluorescence Labeling and Enterotoxin Analyses

Tao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Some prevention strategies, including vaccines and antibiotic alternatives, have been developed to reduce enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli proliferation in animal production. In this study, a wild-type strain of BE311 with a virulent heat-stable enterotoxin gene identical to E. coli K99 was isolated for its high potential for gene expression ability. The whole genome of E. coli BE311 was sequenced for gene analyses and editing. Subsequently, the fluorescent gene mCherry was successfully knocked into the genome of E. coli BE311 by CRISPR/Cas9. The E. coli BE311–mCherry strain was precisely quantified through the fluorescence intensity and red colony counting. The inflammatory factors in different intestinal tissues all increased significantly after an E. coli BE311–mCherry challenge in Sprague–Dawley rats (p < 0.05). The heat-stable enterotoxin gene of E. coli BE311 was knocked out, and an attenuated vaccine host E. coli BE311-STKO was constructed. Flow cytometry showed apoptotic cell numbers were lower following a challenge of IPEC-J2 cells with E. coli BE311-STKO than with E. coli BE311. Therefore, the E. coli BE311–mCherry and E. coli BE311-STKO strains that were successfully constructed based on the gene knock-in and knock-out technology could be used as ideal candidates in ETEC challenge models and for the development of attenuated vaccines.

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Diarrheic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A Predominant Etiological Agent of Gastroenteritis, a Case Study in Douala, Cameroon

Plidikoua,

Ziem,

Ngom

et al. 2023

JBM

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Context: Gastroenteritis remains an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality particularly in low incomes countries, where the capacity to search all etiological agents, especially pathogenic Escherichia coli, is very limited. We investigated the contribution of pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic resistance profiles in cases of gastroenteritis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on human stool samples from October 2021 to June 2022 at Laquintinie Hospital. Samples were received from patients of all age groups and screened for bacteriological and parasitological identification by microscopy, bacterial culture, biochemical identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Results: A total of 296 patients with gastroenteritis complaints, were enrolled in the study with ages ranging from 5 months to 90 years old (Median = 35.5; SD = 20.8). Among the samples analyzed, 1.7% (n = 5/296) were positive for parasites and 27% (n = 80/296) were positive for bacterial pathogens. Parasites were found in mono parasitism, mainly Entamoeba histolytica (60%; n = 3/5), followed by Trichomonas intestinalis (20%; n = 1/5), and Giardia intestinalis (20%; n = 1/5). Three species of bacterial pathogens were identified with no co-infection: diarrheic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella sp, and Shigella sp with respective proportions of 90% (n = 72/80), 6.3% (n = 5/80), and 3.7% (n = 3/80). For antibiotic resistance profiles (ARPs) of the 72 isolates of DEC, high levels of resistance were observed globally with amoxicillin (93.1%; n = 67/72), followed by ciprofloxacin (75%; n = 54/72), and to trimethoprim + sulfamethazole (73.6%; n = 53/72). In contrast, DEC showed low resistance rates with nitrofurans (6.9%; n = 5/72

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Detection of diarrhoea associated rotavirus and co-infection with diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the Littoral region of Cameroon using ELISA, RT-PCR and Luminex xTAG GPP assays

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad

Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad

Whole Genome Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli BE311 for Fluorescence Labeling and Enterotoxin Analyses

Diarrheic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A Predominant Etiological Agent of Gastroenteritis, a Case Study in Douala, Cameroon

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Detection of diarrhoea associated rotavirus and co-infection with diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the Littoral region of Cameroon using ELISA, RT-PCR and Luminex xTAG GPP assays

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad

Epidemiology of group A rotavirus in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis in N’Djamena, Chad

Whole Genome Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli BE311 for Fluorescence Labeling and Enterotoxin Analyses

Diarrheic &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;: A Predominant Etiological Agent of Gastroenteritis, a Case Study in Douala, Cameroon

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Diarrheic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A Predominant Etiological Agent of Gastroenteritis, a Case Study in Douala, Cameroon