Detection of designer steroid methylstenbolone in “nutritional supplement” using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry: Elucidation of its urinary metabolites

Cavalcanti, Gustavo de Albuquerque; Leal, Felipe Dias; Garrido, Bruno Carius; Padilha, Marina; Neto, Francisco Radler de Aquino

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.11.009

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The exact reasons for these controversies are largely unknown. However, it is worth noting that TT extracts commercial available may be contaminated intentionally by AAS and so-called pro-hormones that are weak androgens (Cavalcanti Gde et al 2013), which may lead to inadvertent doping in competitive sports and an overdose of exogenous supplement of AAS could induce serious side effects such as potential cardiac risk (Hassan and Kamal 2013;Wood and Stanton 2012). In contrast, TT saponins without any contaminations does not cause positive anti-doping tests (Saudan et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tribulus terrestris saponins on exercise performance in overtraining rats and the underlying mechanisms

Yin

Wang

et al. 2016

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) saponins on exercise performance and the underlying mechanisms. A rat overtraining model was established and animals were treated with TT extracts (120 mg/kg body mass) 30 min before each training session. Serum levels of testosterone and corticosterone and levels of androgen receptor (AR) and insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the liver, gastrocnemius, and soleus were determined by ELISA and Western blot. Treatment of rats with TT saponins significantly improved the performance of the overtraining rats, reflected by the extension of time to exhaustion, with a concomitant increase in body mass, relative mass, and protein levels of gastrocnemius. Overtraining alone induced a significant decrease in the serum level of testosterone. In contrast, treatment with TT saponins dramatically increased the serum level of testosterone in overtraining rats to about 150% of control and 216% of overtraining groups, respectively. In addition, TT saponins resulted in a further significant increase in AR in gastrocnemius and significantly suppressed the overtraining-induced increase in IGF-1R in the liver. These results indicated that TT saponins increased performance, body mass, and gastrocnemius mass of rats undergoing overtraining, which might be attributed to the changes in androgen-AR axis and IGF-1R signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tribulus terrestris saponins on exercise performance in overtraining rats and the underlying mechanisms

Yin

Wang

et al. 2016

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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“…Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been extensively used to determine anabolic compounds in urine but a major drawback is the need of derivatization [8][9][10][11]. This task can be quite demanding for trenbolone since several derivatives are formed using its most usual derivatives agents due to epimerization of its keto group in position 3 unless quite specific conditions are employed [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of resorcylic acid lactones, β and α trenbolone and stilbenes in bovine urine by UHPLC/MS/MS

Fernández-Arauzo

Pimentel-Trapero

Hernández-Carrasquilla

2014

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…• Geldof et al (2014) and Cavalcanti et al (2013) • 2,17a-dimethyl-17b-hydroxy-5a-androst-1-en-3-one • 17aa oral androgen with high potential for hepatotoxicity…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly known as 'Ultradrol', this compound appears to be a popular new generation designer steroid and was recently detected in a nutritional supplement (Cavalcanti et al, 2013). Methylstenbolone is the 17-alpha alkylated oral version of the controlled AAS stenbolone (Cavalcanti et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methylstenbolonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Designer steroids – over‐the‐counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem

2015

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SUMMARYColloquially referred to by various misleading monikers ('pro-hormones', 'natural steroids', 'testosterone boosters', etc.) designer anabolic steroids have been popular now for over a decade as a way to achieve classic anabolic steroid-like results from products sold in the legal marketplace. Recent evidence suggests that anabolic steroid use may be the most common cause of hypogonadism in men of reproductive age. Despite recent regulatory efforts that have banned specific compounds, many anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) remain available in over-the-counter dietary supplements that are legally sold in the United States. Severe side effects including hepatotoxicity, cholestasis, renal failure, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and infertility have been reported secondary to the use of these products. While some of these side effects may be reversible, more aggressive use may result in more permanent end-organ damage as has been previously described for the case of aggressive AAS users (Rahnema et al., Fertil Steril, 2014). Designer AAS remain easily available for purchase in over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements and these products appear to be increasingly popular, despite the known health risks associated with their use. We conducted a systematic search to identify the designer steroids that are most commonly sold in dietary supplements as of April 2014 and review what is known regarding their potency and toxicity. We propose that the impact of AAS use on the reproductive and hormonal health of men is underestimated in the literature owing to previous studies' failure to account for designer steroid use. Lastly, we make clinical recommendations to help physicians steer patients away from potentially harmful supplements, and summarize key regulatory obstacles that have allowed potent androgens to remain unregulated in the legal marketplace.

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Detection of designer steroid methylstenbolone in “nutritional supplement” using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry: Elucidation of its urinary metabolites

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Tribulus terrestris saponins on exercise performance in overtraining rats and the underlying mechanisms

Effects of Tribulus terrestris saponins on exercise performance in overtraining rats and the underlying mechanisms

Simultaneous determination of resorcylic acid lactones, β and α trenbolone and stilbenes in bovine urine by UHPLC/MS/MS

Designer steroids – over‐the‐counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem

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