Detection of Cyclomodulin CNF-1 Toxin-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli in Pig Kidneys at a Slaughterhouse

Abstract

Food is often contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria strains, which have been associated with different diseases, including urinary tract infections. The consumption of meat by humans is a potential route of transmission of antimicrobial resistance, and food-producing animals have been associated as a major reservoir of resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the E. coli strains producing the CNF-1 toxin in pig kidneys. Pig kidneys were collected from a Mexican slaughterhouse and classified according to their coloration into reddish kidneys (RK) and yellowish kidneys (YK). A tissue sample from each kidney was processed for histological analysis, the presence of E. coli was determined by conventional PCR assay, and the CNF-1 toxin was detected by both conventional PCR and Western blotting. Herein, an inflammatory cell infiltrate was found in all collected kidneys, regardless of macroscopic differences. Surprisingly, E. coli and the CNF-1 toxin were detected in all kidney samples. We clearly demonstrate contamination by CNF-1 toxin-producing E. coli in pork kidneys from a slaughterhouse, even in those without apparent damage. This suggests that pork may serve as a reservoir for pathogens, representing an important risk to human health.

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamase (ESBL) and Quinolone Resistance (qnr) Genes among Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor-1-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Babylon, Iraq

“…E. coli carries various virulence factors such as adhesins, secretory systems, and toxic proteins [26,27] . The chromosomally encoded cyclomodulin, called cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF-1) and produced by UPEC and other pathogenic strains, is associated with bacterial colonization, virulence, invasion, survival, and distribution in the body, it is a leading cause of host cell cycle changes such as colorectal tumorigenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, and tissue damage [28][29][30][31][32] . The association of cnf-1 gene carriage and quinolone resistance or ESBL production has not been demonstrated previously.…”

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