Detection of Cu2+ Ions with GGH Peptide Realized with Si-Nanoribbon ISFET

Abstract

The presence of heavy metal ions such as copper in the human body at certain concentrations and specific conditions can lead to the development of different diseases. The currently available analytical detection methods remain expensive, time-consuming, and often require sample pre-treatment. The development of specific and quantitative, easy-in-operation, and cost-effective devices, capable of monitoring the level of Cu2+ ions in environmental and physiological media, is necessary. We use silicon nanoribbon (SiNR) ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) devices modified with a Gly–Gly–His peptide for the detection of copper ions in a large concentration range. The specific binding of copper ions causes a conformational change of the ligand, and a deprotonation of secondary amine groups. By performing differential measurements, we gain a deeper insight into the details of the ion–ligand interaction. We highlight in particular the importance of considering non-specific interactions to explain the sensors’ response.

Femtomolar detection of Cu2+ ions in solution using super-Nernstian FET-sensor with a lipid monolayer as top-gate dielectric

“…The result shows high reproducibility and stability, and demonstrates that the ion removal protocol described in the Sensing experiment protocol section is highly efficient and provides a full recovery of the sensor. The extremely low limit of detection reported here was recently reached for Cu 2+ using a Si-Nanoribbon ISFET and a Gly-Gly-His peptide as probe (Synhaivska et al, 2019); however, our sensitivity and range of measurements exceed by far all previously reported data.…”

Multivalent Ions as Reactive Crosslinkers for Biopolymers—A Review

“…Multivalent ion crosslinking and dissolution through ion complexation is present in a multitude of systems. These mechanisms are not limited to hydroxylic or carboxylic functional groups but extend to amine, amide, imidazole [122], and hydroxyproline [123] Formation of iron (III)-polysaccharide complexes was also demonstrated as a method for the formation of anticoagulant coatings for medical products. In a layer-by-layer approach, combining FeCl 3 layers of dextran sulfate and heparin, coatings with high hemocompatibility could be formed on nitinol sheets [120].…”

“…Multivalent ion crosslinking and dissolution through ion complexation is present in a multitude of systems. These mechanisms are not limited to hydroxylic or carboxylic functional groups but extend to amine, amide, imidazole [122], and hydroxyproline [123] groups, among others. Complexation is present in both polysaccharide and protein systems.…”

Key Intermediate Species Reveal the Copper(II)‐Exchange Pathway in Biorelevant ATCUN/NTS Complexes

“…Gly-Gly-His (GGH) is the simplest ATCUN/NTS peptide, also used as Cu II chelator in practical applications, for example, enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial peptides, [14] and copper sensing. [15] Herein, we present the stopped-flow and microsecond timescale freeze hyperquenching (MHQ) [16] data combined with UV/Visible and EPR spectroscopic and electrochemical evidence for transient Cu II /GGH complexes that have been unnoticed before. These results explain the reactivity of ATCUN/NTS complexes and their contribution to biological Cu II transport.…”