Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Diarrheic Immunocompetent Patients in Beni-Suef, Egypt: Insight into Epidemiology and Diagnosis

Gawad, Samah S. Abdel; Ismail, Mousa A. M.; IMAM, NAGLAA; Eassa, Ahmed H. A.; Abu-Sarea, Enas Y.

doi:10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.113

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In a study of 200 patients with diarrhea, fecal samples were examined using microscopy (modified acid-fast staining), sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and nested PCR. 21 Compared with ELISA and microscope, PCR has the highest detection rate (21%, 12.5% and 9.5% respectively). In this case, although the DNA sequence levels of C. parvum and C. hominis were similar (> 96%), we still found Cryptosporidium DNA in the blood of the patient via mNGS and identified its species, providing directions for subsequent treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Severe Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium Diagnosed by Metagenome Next-Generation Sequencing in Blood

Shan,

Wei,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background Cryptosporidium is one of the major pathogens causing diarrhea worldwide. At present, cryptosporidiosis is difficult to prevent and control, especially in immunocompromised hosts. It may cause life-threatening diarrhea and malabsorption among children and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is very important to explore rapid diagnostic tools and treatment methods for Cryptosporidium infection. Case Presentation We reported a case of severe diarrhea caused by cryptosporidiosis in a liver transplant recipient, whose condition was finally confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and fecal microscopy. His illness was resolved with immunosuppression regulation, nitazoxanide administration, and infection control. Conclusion So far, nitazoxanide is still the first choice for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Our institutional experience suggested that nitazoxanide alone may be effective on the basis of adjusting immunosuppressant. In addition, even though diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection is a challenge, mNGS can serve as a rapid screening tool in low-prevalence setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Severe Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium Diagnosed by Metagenome Next-Generation Sequencing in Blood

Shan,

Wei,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…The ELISA was the reference method and modified acid-fast staining had 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity 15 . Gawad et al 16 detected Cryptosporidium using asit fast staining, ELISA and nested PCR. As a result, the staining method had 100% specificity and 45.2% sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptosporidium spp. causes chronic diarrhea in patients with immune deficiency and is generally not severe in people with normal immunity 16 . Symptoms of immune-compromised patients, are mainly nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, and watery diarrhea 17,9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites in elderly patients

ORAK,

DOĞANER,

ARAL

et al. 2023

Cukurova Medical Journal

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Purpose: Cryptosporidiosis is a self-limiting infection in individuals with immune competence, but it can have serious and life-threatening consequences in the elderly and immune-compromised individuals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites and their relationship with symptoms in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: The distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites was prospectively evaluated in elderly patients admitted to different clinics of the university hospital between September 2018 and September 2019. The study group included 40 elderly patients (18 females and 22 males; mean age: 73.35 ±6.55years) with gastrointestinal complaints and a control group consisting of 44 elderly patients without gastrointestinal complaints. Stool samples were examined using wet mount, and Kinyoun acid fast staining. Results: The most frequently isolated parasites were amoeba cysts and trophozoites in elderly patients. Cryptosporidium spp. cysts were detected in 9 (22.5%) of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and in 13 (40.6%) of those with other complaints and in the control group. Cryptosporidium spp. cysts were found more common in those with a solid stool consistency than others with a watery stool consistency. Conclusion: Cryptosporidiosis could be a life-threatening condition in a high-risk population, such as the elderly with co-morbidities, and physicians should have increased awareness.

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“…In addition, Gawad et al . [ 40 ] reported that molecular diagnosis of human cryptosporidiosis is habitually superior to enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and direct microscopy after concentration. Thus, our study strongly recommends preceding concentration techniques before specific staining (MZN) and DNA extraction to prevent false negative cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and animals in Khartoum state, Sudan

Adam¹,

Ismail

Masri

et al. 2019

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Cryptosporidium is recognized to infect several mammalian species as well as humans, causing substantial economic losses and serious public health concern. Infected animals can be a source of environmental contamination and human infections. In general, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in animals and human in Sudan and zoonotic importance is not well documented. This study aimed to identify Cryptosporidium spp. infecting different animal species and humans and to compare between different isolates obtained. Materials and Methods: To provide molecular information about Cryptosporidium in animals and humans, both modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) specific stain and molecular assay were used. Concentration techniques followed by three protocols of DNA extraction were carried out. After microscopic screening of 263 fecal samples (goats [n=197], cattle [n=12], sheep [n=12], and human [n=42]), 61 positive and 30 negative, randomly selected samples were used in nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting part of the 18S RNA. Results: Nested PCR amplification confirmed 91.8% (56/61) of microscopic-positive samples. 8.2% (5/61) of negative samples by PCR (positive by microscopy) were considered false negatives. Sequencing followed by alignment of the 14 isolates indicated that all samples were identical (100%) and belonged to Cryptosporidium parvum. Conclusion: MZN staining procedure is reliable for the routine diagnosis of Cryptosporidium; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction buffer and nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene are reliable and useful in epidemiological studies of this parasite.

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Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Diarrheic Immunocompetent Patients in Beni-Suef, Egypt: Insight into Epidemiology and Diagnosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Case Report: Severe Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium Diagnosed by Metagenome Next-Generation Sequencing in Blood

Case Report: Severe Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium Diagnosed by Metagenome Next-Generation Sequencing in Blood

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites in elderly patients

First report and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and animals in Khartoum state, Sudan

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